野生与养殖许氏平鲉肌肉营养和风味对比分析
Comparative analysis of nutrition and flavor of muscle between wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli
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摘要: 以野生与养殖许氏平鲉为研究对象,对比分析其肌肉基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成和挥发性风味物质的差异。结果表明:野生与养殖许氏平鲉肌肉的基本营养成分存在明显差异,相较于养殖许氏平鲉肌肉,野生许氏平鲉肌肉的水分和灰分含量均显著较高(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量略高,而粗脂肪含量显著较低(P<0.05);在野生与养殖许氏平鲉肌肉中均检测到17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸的含量最高,其次是天冬氨酸,组氨酸的含量最低,且野生许氏平鲉肌肉氨基酸总量(83.20 g/100 g)显著高于养殖许氏平鲉肌肉(77.30 g/100 g);野生与养殖许氏平鲉肌肉的ΣEAA/ΣAA和ΣEAA/ΣNEAA均符合FAO/WHO的优质蛋白标准,二者必需氨基酸指数分别为93.87和91.30,即野生许氏平鲉肌肉的蛋白营养价值高于养殖许氏平鲉肌肉;野生与养殖许氏平鲉肌肉均检测到15种脂肪酸,野生许氏平鲉肌肉中的EPA和DHA总含量显著高于养殖许氏平鲉肌肉(P<0.05),二者不饱和脂肪酸分别占总脂肪酸含量的69.81%和71.98%;许氏平鲉肌肉中共定性出20种挥发性风味物质,主要包括酮类、醛类、酯类、醇类及杂环化合物,养殖许氏平鲉肌肉中丁醛、丙醛和2-丁酮的相对含量明显高于野生许氏平鲉肌肉,二者呈现出不同的风味特征。Abstract: Wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli were analyzed for differences in basic nutrient composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, and volatile flavor substances. The results showed that there were significant differences in the basic nutritional composition between wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli, with wild Sebastes schlegeli having significantly higher moisture and ash content (P<0.05), slightly higher crude protein content, and lower crude fat content (P<0.05) than cultured Sebastes schlegeli. There were 17 amino acids detected in both wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli, of which glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, was in the highest content, and histidine was the lowest. The total amino acid content of wild Sebastes schlegeli (83.20 g/100 g) was significantly higher than that of cultured Sebastes schlegeli (77.30 g/100 g). The ∑EAA/∑AA and ∑EAA/∑NEAA of wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli met the FAO/WHO quality protein standards, and the essential amino acid indices of both were 93.87 and 91.30 respectively, which means that the protein nutritional value of wild Sebastes schlegeli was higher than that of cultured Sebastes schlegeli. Among the 15 fatty acids detected in Sebastes schlegeli, the total content of EPA and DHA in wild Sebastes schlegeli was significantly higher than that in cultured Sebastes schlegeli (P<0.05), with unsaturated fatty acids in wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli accounting for 69.81% and 71.98% of the total fatty acid content, respectively. A total of 20 volatile flavor substances were characterized in Sebastes schlegeli, mainly including ketones, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and heterocyclic compounds, and the relative contents of butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and 2-butanone were significantly higher in cultured Sebastes schlegeli than in wild Sebastes schlegeli, and they showed different flavor characteristics.
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Key words:
- wild Sebastes schlegeli /
- cultured Sebastes schlegeli /
- commercial fishes /
- nutrition /
- flavor substance
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