茅台镇8家酒企高温大曲的群落结构及其空间特征
Community structure and spatial characteristics of high-temperature Daqu in eight Baijiu companies in Maotai town
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摘要: 利用高通量测序技术分析茅台镇8家酒企高温大曲的真菌和细菌群落结构,同时测定其理化指标,结合二者进行冗余分析(RDA);采用固相微萃取技术解析高温大曲主要挥发性成分,并进行主成分分析(PCA)以探究茅台镇高温大曲的空间特征。结果表明:茅台镇8家酒企高温大曲中的细菌数量均较多、真菌数量均较少,主要真菌门是子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota),主要细菌门是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota);取自距离镇中心较近的酒企的高温大曲,其多项理化指标更高且物种多样性更丰富;8家酒企高温大曲在理化性质上表现出差异性,且理化性质与其微生物群落之间存在一定的相关性,但均不具有显著性(P＞0.05);8家酒企高温大曲不能在茅台镇小尺度范围内或以距离茅台镇中心距离的远近进行较好的聚类,且8家酒企高温大曲挥发性成分存在一定的差异。Abstract: Next-generation sequencing technology was used to analyze the fungal and bacterial community structure of high-temperature Daqu from eight Baijiu companies in Maotai town, and their physicochemical indexes were measured, the two were combined for redundancy analysis (RDA). Solid-phase microextraction was used to analyze the main flavor components of high-temperature Daqu and principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to explore the spatial characteristics of high-temperature Daqu in Maotai town. The results showed that the bacterial content was relatively high and the fungal content was relatively low from eight Baijiu companies in Maotai town. Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, and Basidiomycota were the main fungal phyla, while Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the main bacterial phyla. The high-temperature Daqu produced by companies located closer to the center of Maotai town had higher physicochemical indexes, and richer species diversity. There were differences in the physicochemical properties of high-temperature Daqu among eight Baijiu companies. And there was a certain correlation between the physicochemical properties of high-temperature Daqu and its microbial community, but not significant (P>0.05). The high-temperature Daqu from eight Baijiu companies could not be well clustered within the small-scale range of Maotai town or at a distance from the center of Maotai town. And there were certain differences in the volatile components of high-temperature Daqu from wight Baijiu companies.
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