郑州市周边小麦农田土壤中重金属分布特征与污染状况研究
Distribution pattern and pollution status of heavy metals in wheat farmland soil around Zhengzhou city
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摘要: 测定了2018年6月采集的郑州市周边6个区域21个乡/镇小麦农田105个土壤样品中的重金属Pb，Cd，Cu，Zn的含量，并对其分布特征和污染状况进行了分析.结果表明，郑州市周边小麦农田土壤中的Pb，Cu和Zn含量的平均值分别为12.22 mg·kg-1，11.20 mg·kg-1和53.57 mg·kg-1，均低于土壤环境质量标准和河南潮土背景值，并且随着土壤深度的增加，这3种重金属含量逐渐减少，Cd含量过低，未达到仪器检出限.不同区域小麦农田土壤中重金属含量存在明显差异，其中，巩义市的小麦农田土壤中Pb，Cu和Zn含量相对较高.小麦农田土壤中，7个乡/镇的Pb含量和5个镇的Zn含量超过河南潮土背景值，21个乡/镇的Cu含量和Cd含量均小于河南潮土背景值；小麦农田土壤中的Cu与Pb，Zn与Pb可能存在同源性，Cu与Zn可能受多个不同污染源的影响.郑州市周边小麦农田土壤质量整体良好，但仍需重点监测重金属含量超过河南潮土背景值的农田土壤，可采取加强土地耕种等农业知识宣传、多用有机肥少用化肥等措施来改善土壤的基本理化性质.Abstract: A total of 105 soil samples was collected from 21 villages/towns wheat farmland in 6 regions around Zhengzhou in June 2018, and the contents of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in the soil samples were determined.Their distribution pattern and pollution status were analyzed.The results showed that the average values of Pb, Cu and Zn in the wheat farmland soil around Zhengzhou city were 12.22 mg·kg-1, 11.20 mg·kg-1 and 53.57 mg·kg-1 respectively, all lower than the soil environment quality standard and He'nan fluvo-aquic soil background value;with the increase of soil depth, the contents of these three kinds of heavy metals gradually decreased, and the content of Cd was not reduced;the contents of heavy metals in the wheat farmland soil in different regions was significantly different;among them, the contents of Pb, Cu and Zn in the wheat farmland soil in Gongyi city were relatively high;in the wheat farmland soil, the Pb content in 7 villages/towns and the Zn content in 5 towns exceeded He'nan fluvo-aquic soil background value;and the Cu content and Cd content in 21 villages/towns were lower than the He'nan fluvo-aquic soil background value;Cu and Pb might have homology, and Cu and Zn might be affected by multiple different pollution sources.The soil quality of wheat farmland around Zhengzhou was generally good, but the farmland soil with heavy metal content exceeding He'nan fluvo-aquic soil background value still needs to be monitored.Measures such as strengthening the publicization of agricultural knowledge such as land cultivation and using organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers can improve the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil nature.
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Key words:
- wheat farmland soil /
- heavy metal pollution /
- distribution pattern
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