协议应当履行原则的教会法渊源与影响
-
摘要: 协议应当履行原则渊源于公元4世纪的迦太基宗教会议的判决,到了中世纪,教会法学家进一步将这一判决的结论发展成为一种具有普遍性的契约原则。这一原则的独特之处不仅在于它与当时复兴的罗马法针锋相对,完全否定了契约形式的合理性,而且在于它强调从道德视角来审视契约问题,把契约的效力基础建立在道德因素之上。从道德立场出发,协议应当履行原则,强调当事人的真实意思,反对欺诈行为,同时反对不必要的契约形式,强调信守诺言的重要性。协议应当履行原则经后经院法学者以及自然法学者的进一步阐释,形成了现代契约自由与意志自治原则。在契约缔结及履行过程中,协议应当履行原则所强调的善意、诚信因素,也成为现代契约法处理契约解释与履行问题的重要原则。鉴于契约法所调整的对象并非只是经济生活,还有市民社会的人际关系,因此以经济理性为基础的诸多规则并不能完全适用于契约法领域,现代契约法应该体现一定的道德关怀,否则它将难以摆脱伦理的困境和走向"死亡"的宿命。
-
-
[1]
Paul Collinet.The evolution of contract as illustrating the general evolution of Roman law[J].Law Quarterly Review,1932(48):488.
-
[2]
Charles Henry Monro.The Digest of Justinian(Vol.1)[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1904.
-
[3]
Buckler W H.The Origin and History of Contract in Roman Law[M].London:Clay CJ and Sons,1895:158.
-
[4]
Aemilius Ludwig Richter,Emil Friedberg.Corpus Iuris Ca-nonici[M].Clark,New Jersey:The Lawbook Exchange,Ltd,2000:32.
-
[5]
Randall Lesaffer.The medieval canon law of contract and early modern treaty law[J].Journal of the History of International Law,2000(2):178.
-
[6]
Richard Hyland.Pacta sunt servanda:a meditation[J].Virginia Journal of International Law,1994(34):405.
-
[7]
Wilhelm Georg Grewe,Michael Byers.The Epochs of International Law[M].Berlin:Walter de Gruyter,2000:90.
-
[8]
Harold J Berman.The religious sources of general contract law:an historical perspective[J].Journal of Law and Religion,1986,4(1):103.
-
[9]
中国基督教协会.新约全书[M].北京:中国基督教协会,1998:5.
-
[10]
Coenraad Visser.The principle pacta servanda sunt in Roman and Roman-dutch law,with specific reference to contracts in restraint of trade[J].South African Law Journal,1984(101):641.
-
[11]
徐国栋.中世纪法学家对诚信问题的研究[J].法学,2004(6):3.
-
[12]
马唐纳.新约圣经注释[M].香港:活石出版有限公司,2009:517.
-
[13]
Yasuaki Onuma.A Normative Approach to War:Peace,War,and Justice in Hugo Grotius[M].Oxford:Clarendon Press,1993:180.
-
[14]
Buckland W W,Mcnair A D.Roman Law and Common Law,a Comparison in Outline[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2008:227.
-
[15]
Reinhard Zimmermann.The Law of Obligations Roman Fou-ndations of the Civilian Tradition[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1996:552.
-
[16]
Anthony Jeremy.Pacta sunt servanda:the influence of canon law upon the development of contractual obligations[J].Law & Just,2000(144):4.
-
[17]
Harold J Berman.Law and Revolution(Ⅱ):The Impact of the Protestant Reformations on the Western Legal Tradition[M].Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press,2006:501.
-
[18]
Frederick Pollock,Maitland F W.The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I(Vol.2)[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1895:193-194.
-
[19]
Maria Dobozy.The Saxon mirror:a Sachsenspiegel of the Fourteenth Century[M].Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press,1999:71.
-
[20]
David Smail.The requirements of writing (Scotland) act.1995:A nail in the coffin for stair and scots[J].Edinburgh Student Law Review,2010,1(2):15.
-
[1]
-
点击查看大图
计量
- PDF下载量: 44
- 文章访问数: 1279
- 引证文献数: 0
下载:
