燃煤电厂CPM排放状况及其环境效应研究
Researches on CPM status emitted by coal-fired power plants and its environmental effects
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摘要: 参考2017年EPA推荐的《固定污染源废气 可凝结颗粒物的测定 干冲击瓶法》(Method 202)和我国《固定污染源废气 低浓度颗粒物的测定 重量法》(HJ 836-2017),设计并应用同步采集可过滤颗粒物(Filterable Particulate Matter,FPM)和可凝结颗粒物(Condensable Particulate Matter,CPM)的装置,测定了国内华北地区3家燃煤电厂A、B、C排放的FPM、CPM及其中水溶性离子和金属元素质量浓度,并应用计算流体力学法模拟一定气象条件时固定源排放CPM形成PM2.5的扩散轨迹。结果表明:燃煤电厂A、B、C排放的总颗粒物(Total Particulate Matter,TPM)水平均较低,质量浓度分别为(8.63±3.11) mg/m3、(19.05±8.85) mg/m3、(5.07±1.59) mg/m3,其中CPM占比约90%;CPM中以CPM无机为主,SO42-、NH4+、Na+等水溶性离子是其中重要组分,金属尤其是重金属的排放不容忽视;在不利于污染物扩散的气象条件下,CPM累积在大气边界层下面的固定源周边大气中,引起了PM2.5短时间内累积升高,是重污染天气形成的重要因素。Abstract: According to Method 202 proposed by EPA in 2017 and HJ 836-2017 issued by Environmental Protection Department of China, devices of TPM was designed and utilized with which samples of FPM and CPM could be collected simultaneously. FPM, CPM, water soluble ions and elements analysis of CPM in flue gas emitted by three coal-fired power plants named A, B and C were monitored. CFD was used to simulate the diffusion trajectory of PM2.5 formed by CPM emission from fixed sources in stationary weather. The statistical results showed that mass concentrations of TPM emitted by plant A, B and C was 8.63±3.11 mg/m3, 19.05±8.85 mg/m3 and 5.07±1.59 mg/m3, respectively. It was proved that CPM was 90% of TPM and FPM was low mass concentration. Inorganic CPM was dominant in CPM, SO42-, NH4+, Na+ and other water-soluble ions were important components, and the emission of metal elements especially heavy metal should not be neglected. CFD was used to simulate the diffusion trajectory of PM2.5 formed by CPM emission from fixed sources in stationary weather. It was proved that CPM could accumulate below atmospheric boundary layer under meteorological conditions that were not conductive to the diffusion of pollutants, causing PM2.5 accumulation in a short period of time, which was an important factor in the formation of heavy pollutant weather.
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Key words:
- FPM /
- CPM /
- ultra-low emissions /
- coal-fired power plant /
- environmental effects
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