烟用醋酸纤维素基超轻气凝胶的构筑及表征
Fabrication and characterization of cigarette butt-derived cellulose acetate-based ultralight aerogels for tobacco applications
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摘要: 【目的】 实现烟蒂中醋酸纤维素的资源化利用,将其转化为高附加值材料,并探究其结构与性能特征。【方法】 采用溶剂清洗法制备回收醋酸纤维素(R-CA),结合静电纺丝技术将R-CA转化为纳米纤维,并采用冷冻干燥成型工艺进一步加工成气凝胶。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪和差示扫描量热仪等对R-CA纳米纤维膜及其气凝胶的结构与性能进行分析。【结果】 R-CA与商用醋酸纤维素具有相似的化学结构,最大热降解温度相近,分别为355.0 ℃和357.5 ℃,说明纯化过程不影响R-CA的分子结构与热力学性能。随着R-CA纺丝浓度的增加,纤维形貌由串珠结构转变为均匀光滑的纳米纤维,纺丝浓度为17%时所得纤维直径分布最均匀,平均直径为336.8 nm。基于此纺丝浓度制备的纳米纤维经分散、均质化、冷冻干燥后,成功构筑三维网络结构气凝胶,其表观密度为8.59~11.55 mg/cm3,孔隙率高于99%,表现出极低密度和高孔隙特性。【结论】 本研究可有效回收R-CA并制备高性能气凝胶,为烟蒂资源化利用提供参考。Abstract: 【Objective】 To achieve the resource valorization of cellulose acetate (CA) from cigarette butts by converting it into high value-added materials, and to investigate its structural and performance characteristics. 【Methods】 Recycled cellulose acetate (R-CA) was prepared via solvent washing. R-CA was then converted into nanofibers by electrospinning, and further fabricated into aerogels in one step through freeze-drying. The structure and properties of the R-CA nanofiber membranes and corresponding aerogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 【Results】 R-CA exhibited a similar chemical structure to commercial CA, with similar peak thermal degradation temperatures of 355.0 ℃ and 357.5 ℃, respectively. This indicates that the purification process did not alter the molecular structure or thermal properties of R-CA. With increasing R-CA electrospinning concentration, the fiber morphology evolved from beaded structures to uniform and smooth nanofibers. The fibers obtained at 17% concentration showed the most uniform diameter distribution, with an average diameter of 336.8 nm. Nanofibers prepared at this optimal concentration were subjected to dispersion, homogenization, and freeze-drying to successfully form a 3D network aerogel. The aerogel had an apparent density of 8.59~11.55 mg/cm3 and a porosity above 99%, showing ultra-low density and high porosity. 【Conclusion】 This study enables the efficient recovery of R-CA and the preparation of high-performance aerogels, offering a valuable reference for the resource valorization of cigarette butts.
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Key words:
- cigarette butt /
- cellulose acetate /
- electrospinning /
- nanofiber membrane /
- aerogel
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