植物多糖缓解结肠炎的作用机制与构效关系研究进展

王尧; 颜锐坤; 梁雪梅; 叶利经; 吴帅凯; 钟琼; 刘莉莉; 赵国军

doi:10.12187/2026.05.003

October 2026

Article Contents

Wang Yao, Yan Ruikun, Liang Xuemei, et al. Research progress on the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of plant polysaccharides in alleviating colitis[J]. Journal of Light Industry, 2026, 41(5): 25-36. doi: 10.12187/2026.05.003

Citation: Wang Yao, Yan Ruikun, Liang Xuemei, et al. Research progress on the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of plant polysaccharides in alleviating colitis[J]. Journal of Light Industry, 2026, 41(5): 25-36. doi: 10.12187/2026.05.003 shu

Research progress on the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of plant polysaccharides in alleviating colitis

The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Qingyuan 511518, China

Corresponding author: Zhao Guojun, zhaoguojun@gzhmu.edu.cn
Received Date: 2025-12-29
Accepted Date: 2026-02-25

Abstract

Based on the accumulating evidence on plant polysaccharides in colitis intervention, this review summarizes recent advances in their anti-colitis mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. Current evidence indicates that plant polysaccharides can ameliorate experimental colitis by modulating signaling pathways involving the NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB, MAPK, NRF2/HO-1, PI3K/Akt, and JAK/STAT; reshaping the gut microbiota; promoting the production of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); and enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier. Their anti-colitis activities are associated with molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, backbone structure, spatial conformation, uronic acid content, and structural modification. However, substantial heterogeneity in raw materials, extraction and purification procedures, structural characterization, and animal models makes it difficult to establish generalizable structure-activity relationships. Current evidence is still dominated by cell and animal studies, while clinical studies remain limited. Future studies should prioritize structure-guided fractionation, targeted modification, and conformational regulation of homologous polysaccharides; integrate multi-omics with gut microbial metabolism and barrier-function assessment to clarify the underlying mechanisms; and conduct clinical studies according to standardized protocols to promote the translational application of plant polysaccharides in functional foods and in the prevention and treatment of colitis.
- plant polysaccharide,
- colitis,
- mechanism of action,
- gut microbiota,
- structure-activity relationship
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Research progress on the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of plant polysaccharides in alleviating colitis

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