基于水热碳化技术的废弃烟末制备水热炭和碳量子点研究
Preparation of hydrochar and carbon quantum dots from waste tobacco based on hydrothermal carbonization technology
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摘要: 为探索废弃烟末资源化与高值化利用途径，通过水热碳化技术将烟末同时转化为水热炭燃料和碳量子点荧光纳米材料，研究了水热碳化温度和反应时间对水热炭燃烧性能的影响，采用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、热重分析等手段表征样品的形貌结构与光学性能。结果表明：随着水热碳化反应强度的加大，水热炭的产率降低，而水热炭的固定碳含量和高位热值呈升高趋势，当反应温度为240℃、时间为2 h时，高位热值达到最高（18.66 MJ/kg）；水热炭表面附着有碳微球颗粒，且废弃烟末内纤维素类结构在水热碳化过程中不断被分解破坏；水热炭的燃烧过程可分为三个阶段，其中固定碳燃烧阶段的失重率随水热碳化反应强度加大逐渐增加至31.44%，水热炭的引燃温度和燃烧稳定性均优于烟末原料；所制备的氮掺杂型碳量子点的粒径为2.14~3.02 nm，粒径分布较均匀，贮存稳定性较好；碳量子点在365 nm的紫外激发波长下发射蓝色荧光，且其荧光发射光谱呈现激发光波长依赖性，当水热碳化温度为200℃、反应时间为4 h时，碳量子点的荧光强度最高。Abstract: In order to explore the high-value resource utilization of waste tobacco powder, the hydrothermal carbonization method was employed to simultaneously convert tobacco powder into hydrochar and carbon quantum dot in one-pot manner. The effect of hydrothermal temperature and reaction time on the combustion performance of hydrochar was investigated. The morphology, structure and properties of the samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that:With the increase of hydrothermal reaction intensity, the yields of hydrochar decreased, while the fixed carbon content and higher heating value increased. When the reaction temperature and time were 240℃ and 2 h respectively, the higher heating value reached to the highest of 18.66 MJ/kg. SEM analysis showed that the degree of fragmentation of hydrochar increased with the increase of reaction intensity, and carbon microsphere particles were attached to its surface. The infrared spectrum confirmed that the cellulose structure in the waste tobacco powder was continuously decomposed and destroyed during the hydrothermal carbonization process. The thermogravimetric analysis of hydrochar indicated that the combustion processes of hydrochar could be divided into three stages. The weight loss during the fixed carbon combustion stage increased to 31.44% with the increase of hydrothermal reaction intensity, and the ignition temperature and combustion stability of the hydrochar were better than that of the raw tobacco powder. The average particle size of the prepared nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots was around 2.14~3.02 nm. The particle size distribution was relatively uniform. Moreover, the storage stability of carbon dots was relatively good. The carbon quantum dots exibited a blue fluorescence emission under the excitation wavelength of 365 nm. In addition, the fluorescence emission spectrum showed a wavelength dependence of excitation light, and the fluorescence emission intensity of carbon quantum dots produced under hydrothermal temperature of 200℃ for 4 h was the highest.
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Key words:
- tobacco waste /
- hydrothermal carbonization /
- hydrochar /
- carbon quantum dot /
- combustion performance
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