面团发酵中淀粉水合能力变化对馒头品质的影响
Effects of starch hydration dynamics during dough fermentation on steamed bread quality
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摘要: 从不同发酵时间(0 min、30 min、60 min、90 min和120 min)的小麦面团中提取淀粉,考查该淀粉水合能力的变化,并将其与谷朊粉复配制备重组面团,分析其对重组面团水分分布、微观结构及所制馒头比容、质构特性和感官品质的影响规律,研究面团发酵过程中淀粉水合能力变化对馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着发酵时间的延长,淀粉的吸水能力和溶解度均呈上升趋势,而膨胀度呈先上升后降低趋势,且在发酵时间为60 min时达到最大值,为7.05 g/g;重组面团强结合水(A21)和自由水(A23)分布比例均逐渐降低,弱结合水(A21)分布比例逐渐升高,即重组面团内部紧密结合的强结合水逐渐转化为弱结合水;重组面团的面筋网络结构变得更加均匀且连续,淀粉颗粒紧密地填充其中,当发酵时间为60 min时,淀粉颗粒紧密均匀地嵌入膜状面筋基质中,形成有序的淀粉-面筋蛋白复合体系;重组馒头的比容、弹性和回复性均呈先增大后减小的趋势,而硬度和咀嚼性均呈先减小后增大的趋势,当发酵时间为60 min时,重组馒头的比容和质构特性均较好,感官评价总分最高,为79.4分。因此,适度发酵能够增强淀粉的水合能力,有利于改善馒头的品质。Abstract: Starch was extracted from wheat doughs fermented for 0~120 min (0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min) to examine changes in its hydration capacity. The starch was then recombined with gluten to prepare reconstituted doughs, and the effects on dough water distribution, microstructure, and steamed bread specific volume, textural properties, and sensory quality were analyzed. Results showed that starch water absorption capacity and solubility increased continuously with fermentation time, while swelling power initially rose and then declined, peaking at 7.05 g/g after 60 min. In the reconstituted doughs, strongly bound water (A21) and free water (A23) proportions decreased, while weakly bound water (A22) increased, indicating a conversion of strongly bound to weakly bound water. The gluten network became more uniform and continuous, with starch granules densely embedded. At 60 min, starch granules were uniformly integrated into the membranous gluten matrix, forming an ordered starch-gluten composite. Steamed bread specific volume, springiness, and resilience initially increased and then decreased, while hardness and chewiness showed the opposite trend. At 60 min, the steamed bread exhibited the best specific volume and textural properties, with the highest sensory score of 79.4. Moderate fermentation enhanced starch hydration capacity, thus improving steamed bread quality.
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Key words:
- dough fermentation /
- hydration capacity /
- starch /
- steamed bread /
- quality
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