亚临界萃取降低烟叶焦油及有害成分研究
Study on subcritical extraction technology in reducing tar and harmful components of tobacco leaf
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摘要: 为探索降焦减害的新途径,从源头上降低卷烟中焦油及有害成分,将亚临界萃取技术引入烟叶的处理过程,对萃取条件进行优化,对用处理后烟丝制成的卷烟中主流烟气的有害成分、焦油、烟碱等释放量进行分析,同时考查处理后烟丝化学成分、加工性能及感官质量的变化情况,结果表明:用二甲醚作萃取溶剂,微波破壁处理然后萃取2次,每次30 min为最优的萃取方式;主流烟气中焦油、烟碱有明显降低,降低比例分别为33.4%和62.2%;处理后烟丝的加工性能无明显变化;7种有害成分中苯酚,HCN,NH3,CO和B[a]P这5种成分的释放量降低明显,有害指数降低了3.87;感官评吸的柔细度、余味、刺激性均好于对照样,呈现柔、细、甜的特点.这表明,亚临界萃取技术在降低烟叶的焦油和有害成分释放量方面具有重要的应用价值.Abstract: In order to investigate the new way to reduce tar and harmful components in cigarette, subcritical extraction technology was used to treat tobacco leaf.The extraction conditions were optimized.The deliveries of the harmful components, tar, nicotine in mainstream smoke of cigarettes prepared with the extracted cut tobacco were determined, the chemical components, processability and sensory quality were also evaluated.The results indicated that:microwave wall-breaking treatment, dimethyl ether extraction 2 times, each time 30 min was the optimal extraction method;the deliveries of tar and nicotine were significantly lowered than the control sample with the decreased rate at 33.4% and 62.2% respectively;the structure of extracted cut tobacco remained no obvious change; in the seven harmful components, the release amount of phenol, HCN, NH3, CO and B[a]P were decreased.The harmful index reduced by 3.87;the sensory evalution of extracted cut tobacco was found to be superior to the controller in tender degree, aftertaste and stimulation.It was characterized by tenderness and sweetness.The study showed that subcritical extraction technology provides a potential way of reducing tar and harmful components in tobacco leaf.
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Key words:
- subcritical extraction /
- tobacco leaf /
- tar /
- harmful components /
- processability /
- sensory quality
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