核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展

叶华; 颜子怡; 王梦媛; 李诗洁; 孔德昭

doi:10.12187/2026.04.001

核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展

江苏科技大学粮食学院, 江苏镇江 212003

作者简介: 叶华(1981—),男,安徽省池州市人,江苏科技大学教授,博士,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与质量控制。E-mail:huaye@just.edu.cn;

基金项目: 国家重点研发项目(2023YFF1104703-04)
国家自然科学基金项目(32372417)
中图分类号: TS207.3

Research progress on aptamer post-SELEX technology

School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
Received Date: 2025-05-19
Accepted Date: 2025-10-05

CLC number: TS207.3

摘要: 核酸适配体是通过指数富集配体系统进化(SELEX)技术筛选获得的ssDNA或RNA分子,常作为分子探针应用于食品安全、生物医药等领域。然而,传统SELEX技术筛选获得的核酸适配体在亲和力、特异性、稳定性等方面仍存在一定局限,近年发展起来的核酸适配体后期优化技术(post-SELEX)可通过多维度协同提升核酸适配体的实际应用效能。本文从裁剪技术、化学修饰技术和人工智能技术3个类别对post-SELEX技术进行归纳,裁剪技术可显著提升核酸适配体的结合能力,化学修饰技术可有效增强核酸适配体的稳定性,人工智能技术可大幅提高核酸适配体定向改造的成功率。然而,3种技术各有局限,如裁剪技术存在破坏关键结合域的风险,化学修饰技术可能会影响亲和力,人工智能技术则面临数据匮乏的挑战。尽管如此,这些技术的应用能有效提升核酸适配体的综合性能,为拓展其产业化应用提供了重要技术支撑。未来研究将聚焦于裁剪、化学修饰、人工智能等技术的协同策略开发,核酸适配体构效关系深层机制解析及其专用数据库开发,以推动核酸适配体产业化应用。
- 核酸适配体 /
- post-SELEX技术 /
- 裁剪技术 /
- 化学修饰技术 /
- 人工智能技术
Abstract: Aptamers are single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA molecules selected through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). They are widely employed as molecular probes in areas such as food safety and biomedicine. However, aptamers derived from conventional SELEX often show limitations in affinity, specificity, and stability. To overcome these shortcomings, post-SELEX optimization technology developed in recent years enable multidimensional synergistic improvements, thereby enhancing aptamer performance in practical applications. This review classifies and summarizes post-SELEX technology into three main strategies: truncation, chemical modification, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted optimization. Studies indicate that truncation can markedly enhance binding affinity, chemical modification effectively improves stability, and AI-assisted approaches substantially increase the success rate of targeted aptamer engineering. However, each technology has inherent limitations. Truncation risks disrupting key binding domains, chemical modification may compromise affinity, and AI-assisted approaches are often challenged by data scarcity. Nevertheless, the application of these technologies has significantly improved the overall performance of aptamers, providing crucial technical support for broadening their industrial applications. Future research will focus on developing integrated strategies that combine truncation, chemical modification, and AI; elucidating the mechanisms underlying aptamer structure-activity relationships; and constructing dedicated aptamer databases, so as to promote the industrial translation of aptamers.
- aptamer /
- post-SELEX technology /
- truncation technology /
- chemical modification technology /
- artificial intelligence technology
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展

作者简介: 叶华(1981—),男,安徽省池州市人,江苏科技大学教授,博士,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与质量控制。E-mail:huaye@just.edu.cn;

Research progress on aptamer post-SELEX technology

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展

作者简介:叶华(1981—),男,安徽省池州市人,江苏科技大学教授,博士,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与质量控制。E-mail:huaye@just.edu.cn

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Research progress on aptamer post-SELEX technology

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核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展

作者简介: 叶华(1981—),男,安徽省池州市人,江苏科技大学教授,博士,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与质量控制。E-mail:huaye@just.edu.cn;

Research progress on aptamer post-SELEX technology

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

核酸适配体post-SELEX技术研究进展

作者简介:叶华(1981—),男,安徽省池州市人,江苏科技大学教授,博士,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与质量控制。E-mail:huaye@just.edu.cn

English Abstract

Research progress on aptamer post-SELEX technology

目录