国外烟草活性成分提取及纤维材料利用研究现状与展望
Current status and future perspectives on the extraction of active components and utilization of fiber materials from tobacco abroad
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摘要: 针对烟草资源多用途开发与利用的关键问题,从烟草活性成分提取、纤维材料利用方面对国外技术研发现状进行梳理,指出:烟草活性成分包括烟碱、茄尼醇、多酚、蛋白、四酰基蔗糖酯、类活性成分(叶绿体、线粒体)等,其中,烟碱、绿原酸、茄尼醇含量和附加值均较高,且提取工艺较简单,在农药、医药、烟草制品添加物等领域具有较大的市场空间,国外已广泛实现产业化运营;纤维材料的利用包括动物饲料、纸张、纤维板、刨花板、硝化纤维、低聚木糖、生物炭有机肥等,其中,制备生物炭有机肥、纸张和纤维板是其规模利用的主要研究方向,技术较成熟,但生产成本相对较高,目前国外已有产业化的初步探索。未来,在进一步推动烟草多用途利用产业化发展时,围绕新型烟草制品添加物、医药用途场景,烟碱、茄尼醇和烟草致香成分提取是重要研究方向;围绕饲料应用场景,烟草新品种培育是重要发展方向;围绕大农业应用场景,基于烟草废弃物的多功能耦合的生物炭有机肥的开发是重要发展方向;此外,在成本许可范围内,增强型纸张和纤维板未来也将是烟草资源多用途利用的重点研发方向之一。Abstract: In response to the key issues of multi-purpose development and utilization of tobacco resources, this paper reviewed the current status of technological research and development abroad, with a focus on the extraction of active tobacco components and the utilization of fiber materials. The paper indicates that active tobacco components encompass nicotine, solanesol, polyphenols, proteins, tetra-acyl sucrose esters, and similar active components (e.g., chloroplasts and mitochondria). Among these components, nicotine, chlorogenic acid, and solanesol have high content and added value, and their extraction processes are relatively simple. These components hold great market potential in fields such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and additives for tobacco products, and have been widely industrialized overseas. The utilization of fiber materials includes such products as animal feed, paper, fiberboard, particleboard, nitrocellulose, xylooligosaccharides, and biochar organic fertilizer. Among these, the production of biochar organic fertilizer, paper, and fiberboard are the main research directions for large-scale utilization, with relatively mature technologies, yet relatively high production costs. In the field of fiber material utilization, there have been preliminary explorations of industrialization abroad. In the future, to further advance the industrialization of multi-purpose tobacco utilization, key research directions will focus on the extraction of nicotine, solanesol, and aroma components for use in new tobacco product additives and pharmaceutical applications. In the context of feed applications, the cultivation of new tobacco varieties will be a key development direction. In the context of broader agricultural applications, the development of biochar organic fertilizers with multi-functional coupling based on tobacco waste will be an important development direction. Additionally, within cost constraints, enhanced paper and fiberboard will also be key research and development directions for the multi-purpose utilization of tobacco resources in the future.
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