丝素蛋白基生物材料的构建及其生物医学应用研究进展

陈咏梅; 李鹏程

doi:10.12187/2026.05.007

丝素蛋白基生物材料的构建及其生物医学应用研究进展

陈咏梅 ^{,

,} ,
李鹏程

陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院, 陕西西安 710021

通讯作者: 陈咏梅,chenyongmei0608@126.com

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项项目(2022YFE0104200)
中图分类号: TS827

Research progress in the construction and biomedical applications of silk fibroin-based biomaterials

Chen Yongmei ^{,

,} ,
Li Pengcheng

College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China

Corresponding author: Chen Yongmei, chenyongmei0608@126.com

Received Date: 2025-07-16
Accepted Date: 2025-09-20

CLC number: TS827

摘要: 丝素蛋白具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性和可加工性,其结构与性能可通过构象调控、化学改性及复合设计进行调节,但单一丝素蛋白材料在力学性能与应用需求匹配、降解行为调控、功能集成等方面仍存在一定局限。围绕丝素蛋白的提纯与改性、零维纳米颗粒到四维动态结构材料的构建及其生物医学应用进行综述,重点总结其在伤口敷料、药物递送、组织工程、生物传感等领域的研究进展。通过调节 β-折叠结构、交联及功能化复合,可改善丝素蛋白基生物材料的结构稳定性、力学性能、降解行为及生物学功能;基于丝素蛋白构建的纳米颗粒、纳米纤维、薄膜、水凝胶、多孔支架等材料,在可控药物递送、创面修复、组织再生及柔性生物电子等方面展现出较好的应用潜力。当前,丝素蛋白基生物材料在性能与应用需求的精准匹配、规模化制备与批次稳定性、四维生物打印的生物相容性和多组分构建,以及生物传感器的多功能集成等方面仍面临挑战。未来应进一步发展刺激响应性材料和四维生物打印技术,加强丝素蛋白与功能材料的复合及传感、递药和组织修复功能的协同集成,推动其向个性化组织工程、智能药物递送和诊疗一体化方向发展。
- 丝素蛋白 /
- 生物材料 /
- 药物递送 /
- 组织工程 /
- 生物传感
Abstract: Silk fibroin exhibits excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and processability, and its structure and properties can be tailored through conformational regulation, chemical modification, and composite design. However, silk fibroin materials alone still have certain limitations in matching mechanical properties with application requirements, regulating degradation behavior, and achieving functional integration. This review summarizes recent advances in the purification and modification of silk fibroin, the construction of silk fibroin-based materials ranging from zero-dimensional nanoparticles to four-dimensional dynamic structural materials, and their biomedical applications, focusing particularly on wound dressings, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. Regulating β-sheet structures, crosslinking, and functionalized composite strategies can improve the structural stability, mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biological functions of silk fibroin-based biomaterials. Silk fibroin-based nanoparticles, nanofibers, films, hydrogels, and porous scaffolds have shown promising potential in controlled drug delivery, wound repair, tissue regeneration, and flexible bioelectronics. Nevertheless, challenges remain in the precise matching of material properties with application requirements, scalable fabrication and batch-to-batch consistency, the biocompatibility and multicomponent construction of four-dimensional bioprinting, and multifunctional integration in biosensors. Future research should focus on the development of stimuli-responsive materials and four-dimensional bioprinting technologies, the strengthening of the integration of silk fibroin with functional materials, and the synergistic integration of sensing, drug delivery, and tissue repair functions, thereby advancing silk fibroin-based biomaterials toward personalized tissue engineering, intelligent drug delivery, and integrated diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
- silk fibroin /
- biomaterials /
- drug delivery /
- tissue engineering /
- biosensing
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

丝素蛋白基生物材料的构建及其生物医学应用研究进展

通讯作者: 陈咏梅,chenyongmei0608@126.com

Research progress in the construction and biomedical applications of silk fibroin-based biomaterials

Corresponding author: Chen Yongmei, chenyongmei0608@126.com

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

丝素蛋白基生物材料的构建及其生物医学应用研究进展

通讯作者: 陈咏梅, chenyongmei0608@126.com

English Abstract

Research progress in the construction and biomedical applications of silk fibroin-based biomaterials

Corresponding author: Chen Yongmei, chenyongmei0608@126.com

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丝素蛋白基生物材料的构建及其生物医学应用研究进展

通讯作者: 陈咏梅,chenyongmei0608@126.com

Research progress in the construction and biomedical applications of silk fibroin-based biomaterials

Corresponding author: Chen Yongmei, chenyongmei0608@126.com

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

丝素蛋白基生物材料的构建及其生物医学应用研究进展

通讯作者: 陈咏梅, chenyongmei0608@126.com

English Abstract

Research progress in the construction and biomedical applications of silk fibroin-based biomaterials

Corresponding author: Chen Yongmei, chenyongmei0608@126.com

目录