2015 Vol. 30, No. 5-6
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2015, 30(5-6)
:1-6.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.001
Abstract:
Poly(2, 7-9, 9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-4, 6-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole)(46BTF8) was synthesized by Suzuki condensation polymerization, and its structure was characterized with 1H NMR.The photoelectric properties of the polymer were researched by UV-vis spectra, photoluminescence spectra and cyclic voltammetry.The results showed that compared with its structural analogues poly(2, 7-9, 9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-4, 7-2, 1, 3-benzo-thiadiazole)(F8BT), the maximum UV absorption and photoluminescenece wavelengths of 46BTF8 in the film state shifted to blue about 82 nm and 43 nm, respectively.The electrochemical redox behavior of the polymer suggested that this polymer material had excellent electrochemical stability and reversibility, the electrochemical redox curve was similar while the electrochemical bandwidth increased by 0.2 eV and optical bandwidth increased by 0.36 eV.Those implied that the optoelectrical properties of the polymer could be tuned effectively by changing the linking position of benzothiadiazole unit while keeping their excellent electrochemical stability and reversibility.
Poly(2, 7-9, 9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-4, 6-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole)(46BTF8) was synthesized by Suzuki condensation polymerization, and its structure was characterized with 1H NMR.The photoelectric properties of the polymer were researched by UV-vis spectra, photoluminescence spectra and cyclic voltammetry.The results showed that compared with its structural analogues poly(2, 7-9, 9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-4, 7-2, 1, 3-benzo-thiadiazole)(F8BT), the maximum UV absorption and photoluminescenece wavelengths of 46BTF8 in the film state shifted to blue about 82 nm and 43 nm, respectively.The electrochemical redox behavior of the polymer suggested that this polymer material had excellent electrochemical stability and reversibility, the electrochemical redox curve was similar while the electrochemical bandwidth increased by 0.2 eV and optical bandwidth increased by 0.36 eV.Those implied that the optoelectrical properties of the polymer could be tuned effectively by changing the linking position of benzothiadiazole unit while keeping their excellent electrochemical stability and reversibility.
2015, 30(5-6)
:7-11.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.002
Abstract:
Using sodium tungstate and hydrochloric acid as raw materials, oxalic acid and sodium sulfate as auxiliary agents, WO3 nanorods/graphene composites had been synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, RAMAN and FTIR. Gas-sensing characteristics of the materials had been tested by static state method. The results illustrated that the as-synthesized pure WO3 had monoclinic phase and the WO3/graphenenanomaterial had tetragonal phase. The length-diameter ratio of the materials increased when the amounts of graphene oxide (GO) increased, and the 1.0 wt% WO3/graphenenanocomposite had a good gas-sensing property. Its sensitivity could reach 1.779 of 5×10-6 H2 at 2.96 V working voltage(about 155℃). And this time, the response and recovery time was 3 s and 4 s, respectively.
Using sodium tungstate and hydrochloric acid as raw materials, oxalic acid and sodium sulfate as auxiliary agents, WO3 nanorods/graphene composites had been synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, RAMAN and FTIR. Gas-sensing characteristics of the materials had been tested by static state method. The results illustrated that the as-synthesized pure WO3 had monoclinic phase and the WO3/graphenenanomaterial had tetragonal phase. The length-diameter ratio of the materials increased when the amounts of graphene oxide (GO) increased, and the 1.0 wt% WO3/graphenenanocomposite had a good gas-sensing property. Its sensitivity could reach 1.779 of 5×10-6 H2 at 2.96 V working voltage(about 155℃). And this time, the response and recovery time was 3 s and 4 s, respectively.
2015, 30(5-6)
:12-16.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.003
Abstract:
Using calcination-hydration method, a new type of solid adsorbent Mg2Al-LS-LDH was prepared through water soluble sulfonated lignin loading on the LDHs surface. The structure of the composites were characterized by XRD and IR, and its adsorption performance was studied. The results showed that the sulfonated lignin didn't enter into the interlayer of LDHs, but bond with the surface hydroxyl of the LDHs. The adsorption rate of copperion was fast and the adsorption rate was 30 min, closing to the adsorption equilibrium, the removal rate was 92.2%, the adsorption capacity reached 36.88 mg/g. In addition, the optimum adsorption conditions were adsorption time 6 h, pH=5, the mass of adsorbent 0.0500 g, adsorption temperature 25℃.
Using calcination-hydration method, a new type of solid adsorbent Mg2Al-LS-LDH was prepared through water soluble sulfonated lignin loading on the LDHs surface. The structure of the composites were characterized by XRD and IR, and its adsorption performance was studied. The results showed that the sulfonated lignin didn't enter into the interlayer of LDHs, but bond with the surface hydroxyl of the LDHs. The adsorption rate of copperion was fast and the adsorption rate was 30 min, closing to the adsorption equilibrium, the removal rate was 92.2%, the adsorption capacity reached 36.88 mg/g. In addition, the optimum adsorption conditions were adsorption time 6 h, pH=5, the mass of adsorbent 0.0500 g, adsorption temperature 25℃.
2015, 30(5-6)
:17-21.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.004
Abstract:
Three South America Chenopodium quinoa Willd(black, red and ivory Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and a domestic Chenopodium quinoa Willd were used as experimental materials, and the main nutritional components, eight kinds of mineral elements(K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) and phytochemicals(polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins) content of them were measured.The results showed that the nutritional composition of these four kinds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd was slightly different.Compared with common grains(wheat, rice, corn and millet), Chenopodium quinoa Willd contains lower starch, richer protein and fat, and was a good source of dietary fiber, polyphenols and flavonoids.
Three South America Chenopodium quinoa Willd(black, red and ivory Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and a domestic Chenopodium quinoa Willd were used as experimental materials, and the main nutritional components, eight kinds of mineral elements(K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) and phytochemicals(polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins) content of them were measured.The results showed that the nutritional composition of these four kinds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd was slightly different.Compared with common grains(wheat, rice, corn and millet), Chenopodium quinoa Willd contains lower starch, richer protein and fat, and was a good source of dietary fiber, polyphenols and flavonoids.
2015, 30(5-6)
:22-26,32.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.005
Abstract:
Maillard reaction was made with four different reaction solvent (pure water, 50% ethanol, 50% methanol, 50% iso-propyl alcohol) with DPPH as MRPs antioxidant activity indicator.By single factor test, the effect of temperature, time, pH and concentration of reactants on MRPs oxidation activity was studied, and optimum technological conditions were obtained by uniform test.The results showed that the effect of Maillard reaction by four kinds of solvent had a similar trend, the order of DPPH radical-scavenging activity was 50%ethanol> 50%methanol> 50%iso-propyl alcohol> pure water. The best optimization condition:temperature 134℃, reaction time 87 min, reaction initial pH=12.0, the quality ration of carp protein to D-xylose 3:1, under the condition of 50% ethanol as reaction solvent, MRPs had strongest antioxidant activity.The theory of DPPH free radical clearance rate was 41.59%, the actual test clearance rate was 40.72% by calculating, the optimization result was reliable.
Maillard reaction was made with four different reaction solvent (pure water, 50% ethanol, 50% methanol, 50% iso-propyl alcohol) with DPPH as MRPs antioxidant activity indicator.By single factor test, the effect of temperature, time, pH and concentration of reactants on MRPs oxidation activity was studied, and optimum technological conditions were obtained by uniform test.The results showed that the effect of Maillard reaction by four kinds of solvent had a similar trend, the order of DPPH radical-scavenging activity was 50%ethanol> 50%methanol> 50%iso-propyl alcohol> pure water. The best optimization condition:temperature 134℃, reaction time 87 min, reaction initial pH=12.0, the quality ration of carp protein to D-xylose 3:1, under the condition of 50% ethanol as reaction solvent, MRPs had strongest antioxidant activity.The theory of DPPH free radical clearance rate was 41.59%, the actual test clearance rate was 40.72% by calculating, the optimization result was reliable.
2015, 30(5-6)
:27-32.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.006
Abstract:
Along with the advance of molecular biology, the detection of food-borne pathogens have been developed to study phase of biological macromolecules. Through summarizing some new detection technologies for food-borne pathogens it was found that DNA probe techniques, PCR techniques et al, had became important tools for detection of food-borne pathogens with their characteristics of sensitivity, specificity and rapidness. The future detection of food-borne pathogens would toward the direction of high sensitivity, high specificity, and convenient operation, which depended on the improvement and innovation of the existing technology, combined use of a variety of detection technology and the emergence of some new technology and new methods.
Along with the advance of molecular biology, the detection of food-borne pathogens have been developed to study phase of biological macromolecules. Through summarizing some new detection technologies for food-borne pathogens it was found that DNA probe techniques, PCR techniques et al, had became important tools for detection of food-borne pathogens with their characteristics of sensitivity, specificity and rapidness. The future detection of food-borne pathogens would toward the direction of high sensitivity, high specificity, and convenient operation, which depended on the improvement and innovation of the existing technology, combined use of a variety of detection technology and the emergence of some new technology and new methods.
2015, 30(5-6)
:33-37.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.007
Abstract:
Scanning electron microscopy, ultrasonic vibration isolation, culture surface plate count were employed in the investigation of the impact of PPR, PVC, glass, stainless steel on the formation and growth of common foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes bacteria biofilms.The results showed that Listeria monocytogenes could form stable biofilms on the surface of PPR, PVC, glass, and stainless steel with TSB culturing 24 h at 35℃.The bacteria number adhering to the surface was from more to less in the order:stainless steal>PPR>PVC>glass.This illustrated that roughness of the material played a great role in the formation of biofilm.The rougher the surface, the easier the formation of the biofilm.Improving the surface properties of materials to reduce the adhesion of bacteria could be used as a kind of new way of indirect control skin membrane.
Scanning electron microscopy, ultrasonic vibration isolation, culture surface plate count were employed in the investigation of the impact of PPR, PVC, glass, stainless steel on the formation and growth of common foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes bacteria biofilms.The results showed that Listeria monocytogenes could form stable biofilms on the surface of PPR, PVC, glass, and stainless steel with TSB culturing 24 h at 35℃.The bacteria number adhering to the surface was from more to less in the order:stainless steal>PPR>PVC>glass.This illustrated that roughness of the material played a great role in the formation of biofilm.The rougher the surface, the easier the formation of the biofilm.Improving the surface properties of materials to reduce the adhesion of bacteria could be used as a kind of new way of indirect control skin membrane.
2015, 30(5-6)
:38-42.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.008
Abstract:
Taking the thin film of PLGA without carboxyl end group as the material, sodium hydroxide and ultraviolet ray were adopted respectively to make it with carboxyl end group. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterized the thin film of PLGA after treatment, and its hydrophily was tested. Then grafting the active protein bacitracin through the carbodiimide sequential method, and the antibacterial performance of the thin film of PLGA before and after grafted was tested respectively by the methods of acridine orange fluorescence staining and MTT method. The results showed that the chemical structure of the thin film of PLGA dealt with sodium hydroxide and ultraviolet ray changed obviously. Compared with the blank thin film, the hydrophily of the thin film of PLGA after treatment became bigger. Compared with the thin film of PLGA without grafting, the thin film of PLGA after grating had the certain antibacterial performance, and the antibacterial performance gradually decreased as the grating concentration increased.
Taking the thin film of PLGA without carboxyl end group as the material, sodium hydroxide and ultraviolet ray were adopted respectively to make it with carboxyl end group. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterized the thin film of PLGA after treatment, and its hydrophily was tested. Then grafting the active protein bacitracin through the carbodiimide sequential method, and the antibacterial performance of the thin film of PLGA before and after grafted was tested respectively by the methods of acridine orange fluorescence staining and MTT method. The results showed that the chemical structure of the thin film of PLGA dealt with sodium hydroxide and ultraviolet ray changed obviously. Compared with the blank thin film, the hydrophily of the thin film of PLGA after treatment became bigger. Compared with the thin film of PLGA without grafting, the thin film of PLGA after grating had the certain antibacterial performance, and the antibacterial performance gradually decreased as the grating concentration increased.
2015, 30(5-6)
:43-48.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.009
Abstract:
In order to investigate the new way to reduce tar and harmful components in cigarette, subcritical extraction technology was used to treat tobacco leaf.The extraction conditions were optimized.The deliveries of the harmful components, tar, nicotine in mainstream smoke of cigarettes prepared with the extracted cut tobacco were determined, the chemical components, processability and sensory quality were also evaluated.The results indicated that:microwave wall-breaking treatment, dimethyl ether extraction 2 times, each time 30 min was the optimal extraction method;the deliveries of tar and nicotine were significantly lowered than the control sample with the decreased rate at 33.4% and 62.2% respectively;the structure of extracted cut tobacco remained no obvious change; in the seven harmful components, the release amount of phenol, HCN, NH3, CO and B[a]P were decreased.The harmful index reduced by 3.87;the sensory evalution of extracted cut tobacco was found to be superior to the controller in tender degree, aftertaste and stimulation.It was characterized by tenderness and sweetness.The study showed that subcritical extraction technology provides a potential way of reducing tar and harmful components in tobacco leaf.
In order to investigate the new way to reduce tar and harmful components in cigarette, subcritical extraction technology was used to treat tobacco leaf.The extraction conditions were optimized.The deliveries of the harmful components, tar, nicotine in mainstream smoke of cigarettes prepared with the extracted cut tobacco were determined, the chemical components, processability and sensory quality were also evaluated.The results indicated that:microwave wall-breaking treatment, dimethyl ether extraction 2 times, each time 30 min was the optimal extraction method;the deliveries of tar and nicotine were significantly lowered than the control sample with the decreased rate at 33.4% and 62.2% respectively;the structure of extracted cut tobacco remained no obvious change; in the seven harmful components, the release amount of phenol, HCN, NH3, CO and B[a]P were decreased.The harmful index reduced by 3.87;the sensory evalution of extracted cut tobacco was found to be superior to the controller in tender degree, aftertaste and stimulation.It was characterized by tenderness and sweetness.The study showed that subcritical extraction technology provides a potential way of reducing tar and harmful components in tobacco leaf.
2015, 30(5-6)
:49-53.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.010
Abstract:
Using Ganoderma as raw material, one kind of Ganoderma lucidem polysaccharide(abbreviated GLP) was extracted and the carboxymethyl product(CM-GLP) was prepared.Using the carboxymethylated degree of substitution(DS) as an indicator, the carboxymethyl modification conditions of GLP were optimized by using the orthogonal test.Using blank tobacco shred as control and the moisture content of tobacco shred as an indicator, the physical moisture retention properties of CM-GLP, GLP, propylene glycol(PG) and glycerol were measured, and the effects of these two samples and two traditional humectants on the sensory comfort levels in cigarettes were investigated.The results showed that:1)the optimum technological condition was 85 g of chloroacetic acid, 4.5 mol/L of NaOH solution concentration, 60℃ of reaction temperature, and 2 h of reaction time, and the mean value of DS under this condition was 1.36; 2)under low humidity conditions the moisture retention property of CM-GLP was superior to PG and glycerol, and the moisture retention property of GLP was slightly worse than PG, under high humidity conditions, four difference was not obvious; 3) CM-GLP possesses the roles of making cigarette smoke mellow and full, reducing irritation and elevating comfortable mouthfeel.
Using Ganoderma as raw material, one kind of Ganoderma lucidem polysaccharide(abbreviated GLP) was extracted and the carboxymethyl product(CM-GLP) was prepared.Using the carboxymethylated degree of substitution(DS) as an indicator, the carboxymethyl modification conditions of GLP were optimized by using the orthogonal test.Using blank tobacco shred as control and the moisture content of tobacco shred as an indicator, the physical moisture retention properties of CM-GLP, GLP, propylene glycol(PG) and glycerol were measured, and the effects of these two samples and two traditional humectants on the sensory comfort levels in cigarettes were investigated.The results showed that:1)the optimum technological condition was 85 g of chloroacetic acid, 4.5 mol/L of NaOH solution concentration, 60℃ of reaction temperature, and 2 h of reaction time, and the mean value of DS under this condition was 1.36; 2)under low humidity conditions the moisture retention property of CM-GLP was superior to PG and glycerol, and the moisture retention property of GLP was slightly worse than PG, under high humidity conditions, four difference was not obvious; 3) CM-GLP possesses the roles of making cigarette smoke mellow and full, reducing irritation and elevating comfortable mouthfeel.
2015, 30(5-6)
:54-57,63.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.011
Abstract:
Four kinds of film base and product were producted by adding different mesh of Calcium carbonate in paper-process reconstituted tobacco, whose physical and smoke indexes were tested. As the change of physical and smoke indexes of film base and product with the increase of Calcium carbonate mesh was analyzed.The results showed that physical indexes including tensile strength, burst strength, filling value and equilibrium moisture content of film base and product all presented an increasing trend except the bulk index declined. Overall, the effect of Calcium carbonate mesh on physical indexes of paper-process reconstituted tobacco was more remarkable than the film base. The smoke indexes testing results showed a higher Calcium carbonate mesh would lead to higher carbon monoxide, tar and total particulate matter in paper-process reconstituted tobacco and film base smoke, the effect of Calcium carbonate mesh on moisture, CO/tar ratio, the number of puffs and nicotine content in product smoke was smaller. In order to decrease the carbon monoxide content in product smoke, the mesh of Calcium carbonate should be smaller. The appropriate mesh was under 600 mesh.
Four kinds of film base and product were producted by adding different mesh of Calcium carbonate in paper-process reconstituted tobacco, whose physical and smoke indexes were tested. As the change of physical and smoke indexes of film base and product with the increase of Calcium carbonate mesh was analyzed.The results showed that physical indexes including tensile strength, burst strength, filling value and equilibrium moisture content of film base and product all presented an increasing trend except the bulk index declined. Overall, the effect of Calcium carbonate mesh on physical indexes of paper-process reconstituted tobacco was more remarkable than the film base. The smoke indexes testing results showed a higher Calcium carbonate mesh would lead to higher carbon monoxide, tar and total particulate matter in paper-process reconstituted tobacco and film base smoke, the effect of Calcium carbonate mesh on moisture, CO/tar ratio, the number of puffs and nicotine content in product smoke was smaller. In order to decrease the carbon monoxide content in product smoke, the mesh of Calcium carbonate should be smaller. The appropriate mesh was under 600 mesh.
2015, 30(5-6)
:58-63.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.012
Abstract:
In order to improve the determination efficiency of ammonia(NH3)in mainstream cigarette smoke, the collection method described in the current standard(YC/T 377-2010)was improved.The Cambridge filter method was established:the mixed solution of ethanol, glycerol, 0.20 mol/L HCl (Vethanol:Vglycerol:VHCl=4:1:5) was used to prepare the special filter. Cambridge filter trap filled by the special filter was used for collecting ammonia from cigarette mainstream smoke in the process of the conventional cigarette suction. The results showed that:the method achieved excellent reproducibility with inter-assay relative standard deviation of 2.33%, whilst the intra-assay deviation was 1.92%.The recovery was in the range of 93% to 97% and achieved high accuracy;With methods of YC/T 377-2010 the relative standard deviation(RSD) was less than 4.38%. The improrved collection method with simple procedure and easy operation, could effectively improve the operating efficiency.
In order to improve the determination efficiency of ammonia(NH3)in mainstream cigarette smoke, the collection method described in the current standard(YC/T 377-2010)was improved.The Cambridge filter method was established:the mixed solution of ethanol, glycerol, 0.20 mol/L HCl (Vethanol:Vglycerol:VHCl=4:1:5) was used to prepare the special filter. Cambridge filter trap filled by the special filter was used for collecting ammonia from cigarette mainstream smoke in the process of the conventional cigarette suction. The results showed that:the method achieved excellent reproducibility with inter-assay relative standard deviation of 2.33%, whilst the intra-assay deviation was 1.92%.The recovery was in the range of 93% to 97% and achieved high accuracy;With methods of YC/T 377-2010 the relative standard deviation(RSD) was less than 4.38%. The improrved collection method with simple procedure and easy operation, could effectively improve the operating efficiency.
2015, 30(5-6)
:64-69.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.013
Abstract:
In order to solve the problem of expressing the relationship between the physical product and service module in the service oriented manufacturing product structure, according to the definition of integration service of mechanical products, based on the flexible product platform, the elements in the product structure were divided into basic elements and flexible elements, the flexible element also contains 3 parts, including the elements of the elements, the optional elements and the individual elements, the fuzzy consistent judgment matrix method was put forward. Got design structure matrix DSM of the dependencies between each element.The structure model of integration service product was built. The method was proved scientific and practical in an instance of product structure module of electric vehicle.
In order to solve the problem of expressing the relationship between the physical product and service module in the service oriented manufacturing product structure, according to the definition of integration service of mechanical products, based on the flexible product platform, the elements in the product structure were divided into basic elements and flexible elements, the flexible element also contains 3 parts, including the elements of the elements, the optional elements and the individual elements, the fuzzy consistent judgment matrix method was put forward. Got design structure matrix DSM of the dependencies between each element.The structure model of integration service product was built. The method was proved scientific and practical in an instance of product structure module of electric vehicle.
2015, 30(5-6)
:70-75.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.014
Abstract:
In order to accurately simulate the structural stability of the stone relics, with Yungang 11th Grotto as object, it used three-dimensional laser scanner quickly to accurately obtain caves surface array data, and ANASYS to make internal network structure split and finally imported Flac3d on Grotto whole seismic response simulation.The result showed that:the overall direction of displacement of rock caves of Yungang the 11th Grotto was a downward tilt with good stability over time and gradually downward portion with stress concentration.It was predicted that without taking protective measures for the bottom of the recessed portion weathering, the bottom of the cave would lead to instability in 100 years due to stress concentration destruction.Based on this corresponding reinforcement measures were proposed.
In order to accurately simulate the structural stability of the stone relics, with Yungang 11th Grotto as object, it used three-dimensional laser scanner quickly to accurately obtain caves surface array data, and ANASYS to make internal network structure split and finally imported Flac3d on Grotto whole seismic response simulation.The result showed that:the overall direction of displacement of rock caves of Yungang the 11th Grotto was a downward tilt with good stability over time and gradually downward portion with stress concentration.It was predicted that without taking protective measures for the bottom of the recessed portion weathering, the bottom of the cave would lead to instability in 100 years due to stress concentration destruction.Based on this corresponding reinforcement measures were proposed.
2015, 30(5-6)
:76-80.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.015
Abstract:
According to the characteristics of double-wishbone suspension with torsion bar, establish a simulation model of a car independent suspension was established by multi-body dynamics theory. According to the formal structure of torsion bar spring, loads of key points at three typical load conditions in ADAMS/Car were drawn and turned into torsion as the loading condition for statics analysis;statics analysis of the torsion bar was taken in typical conditions with ANSYS. The structure of hollow rod was designed; Three best programs were gotten by taking single objective global optimization on torus torsion spring bar which based on the response surface method.Comparison of the results after optimization and original showed:the mechanical properties of torsion bar improved significantly after optimization, the maximum equivalent stress decreased by 24%, the total deformation decreased by 31%, and the quality of torsion bar decreased by 11%.
According to the characteristics of double-wishbone suspension with torsion bar, establish a simulation model of a car independent suspension was established by multi-body dynamics theory. According to the formal structure of torsion bar spring, loads of key points at three typical load conditions in ADAMS/Car were drawn and turned into torsion as the loading condition for statics analysis;statics analysis of the torsion bar was taken in typical conditions with ANSYS. The structure of hollow rod was designed; Three best programs were gotten by taking single objective global optimization on torus torsion spring bar which based on the response surface method.Comparison of the results after optimization and original showed:the mechanical properties of torsion bar improved significantly after optimization, the maximum equivalent stress decreased by 24%, the total deformation decreased by 31%, and the quality of torsion bar decreased by 11%.
2015, 30(5-6)
:81-84.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.016
Abstract:
The from variely and large volume of archival data especially the complexity of semi-structured data caused great difficulties in management of archives.Considering this, an intelligent information retrieval system based on ontology was proposed.This process of the system was composed of two parts:the first part was dealing with the semi-structured data.The method of feature data extraction was used to make feature extraction to serni-structure data and then reformed them into structure data.The second part was the implemantation of the intelligence retrieval by using logical reasoning based on ontology to realize intelligent retrieval in semantic level.The experimental results showed that compared with the traditional keyword-based retrieval, the intelligent retrieval system greatly improved in the recall and accuracy.
The from variely and large volume of archival data especially the complexity of semi-structured data caused great difficulties in management of archives.Considering this, an intelligent information retrieval system based on ontology was proposed.This process of the system was composed of two parts:the first part was dealing with the semi-structured data.The method of feature data extraction was used to make feature extraction to serni-structure data and then reformed them into structure data.The second part was the implemantation of the intelligence retrieval by using logical reasoning based on ontology to realize intelligent retrieval in semantic level.The experimental results showed that compared with the traditional keyword-based retrieval, the intelligent retrieval system greatly improved in the recall and accuracy.
2015, 30(5-6)
:85-87.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.017
Abstract:
In order to solve the problem that most of the existing computational methods can only predict one functional type of antibacterial peptides, a computational prediction method was developed for prediction of multiple functional types of antibacterial peptides based on the pseudo amino acid composition(PseAAC) and multi-label k-nearest neighbor(MLkNN) algorithm.It used the PseAAC to extract feature vector of antimicrobial peptide sequence, introduced the MLkNN algorithm as the prediction engine, and predicted a variety function type of antibacterial peptides simultaneously.Experimental results showed that the proposed method significantly improved the prediction performance, and it provided a useful tool for the further research in this field.
In order to solve the problem that most of the existing computational methods can only predict one functional type of antibacterial peptides, a computational prediction method was developed for prediction of multiple functional types of antibacterial peptides based on the pseudo amino acid composition(PseAAC) and multi-label k-nearest neighbor(MLkNN) algorithm.It used the PseAAC to extract feature vector of antimicrobial peptide sequence, introduced the MLkNN algorithm as the prediction engine, and predicted a variety function type of antibacterial peptides simultaneously.Experimental results showed that the proposed method significantly improved the prediction performance, and it provided a useful tool for the further research in this field.
2015, 30(5-6)
:88-92.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.018
Abstract:
In order to improve the safety and reliability of the smart grid, the intrusion detection system was applied to the smart grid.As smart grid had the characteristics of large number of network nodes, large amount of information transmission and high safety requirements, an intrusion detection model based on multi-agent was established, and was deployed in the hierarchical network structure of smart grid.Therefore, amount of transmission data was reduced, bandwidth was saved and speed bottleneck problem was solved.With the purpose of reducing false positive rate and false negative rate in current intrusion detection system, dynamic clonal selection algorithm for the smart grid environment was proposed.The proposed algorithm could be combined with the multi-agent technology, the immune agents were constructed.The proposed model and algorithm were simulated by KDD'99 datasets.Simulation results showed that the proposed system had low false positive rate and improved the detection rate of Dos and Probing attack that are common attack in smart grid.
In order to improve the safety and reliability of the smart grid, the intrusion detection system was applied to the smart grid.As smart grid had the characteristics of large number of network nodes, large amount of information transmission and high safety requirements, an intrusion detection model based on multi-agent was established, and was deployed in the hierarchical network structure of smart grid.Therefore, amount of transmission data was reduced, bandwidth was saved and speed bottleneck problem was solved.With the purpose of reducing false positive rate and false negative rate in current intrusion detection system, dynamic clonal selection algorithm for the smart grid environment was proposed.The proposed algorithm could be combined with the multi-agent technology, the immune agents were constructed.The proposed model and algorithm were simulated by KDD'99 datasets.Simulation results showed that the proposed system had low false positive rate and improved the detection rate of Dos and Probing attack that are common attack in smart grid.
2015, 30(5-6)
:93-97.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.019
Abstract:
An improved supervised sparsity preserving canonical correlation analysis algorithm based on exponential dimensionality reduction was proposed. The problem that the fitting error increased while adding supervised information to the SPCCA was solved by the fusion of the class label information and sample feature. The local manifold structure of the data was realized at the same time. Aimed at the problem of traditional algorithm in dealing with small sample of high-dimensiona sparse signal, index scattering matrix was used to retain effective information while building the non-singular scattering matrix. It overcame the default of effective information losses while using PCA to extract principal features of the scattering matrix.The experimental results on ORL, Yale, AR and FERET face databases showed that the proposed algorithm was better than related canonical correlation analysis methods in recognition effect.
An improved supervised sparsity preserving canonical correlation analysis algorithm based on exponential dimensionality reduction was proposed. The problem that the fitting error increased while adding supervised information to the SPCCA was solved by the fusion of the class label information and sample feature. The local manifold structure of the data was realized at the same time. Aimed at the problem of traditional algorithm in dealing with small sample of high-dimensiona sparse signal, index scattering matrix was used to retain effective information while building the non-singular scattering matrix. It overcame the default of effective information losses while using PCA to extract principal features of the scattering matrix.The experimental results on ORL, Yale, AR and FERET face databases showed that the proposed algorithm was better than related canonical correlation analysis methods in recognition effect.
2015, 30(5-6)
:98-103.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.020
Abstract:
Aiming at problems that the existing LAN Firewall can not monitor user access and hostile attack effectively, the scheme of firewall remote control based on the specific port of Linux Socket was proposed.It used the dynamic packet filter of Linux-based operating system, which integrated the packet filter, common service configuration and IP blacklist; Secondly, it used Linux Socket network program design architecture to realize remote control of firewall;Then, it used the GTK+ to design a model of graphical interface client management and configuration program based on C/S model, which could facilitate administrator to configure the firewall.Results of the test showed that this firewall system could solve the control of net user access behavior and many kinds of attacks, such as DDoS Attacks and the Port Scan Attacks, furthermore, it gave extended function to IPv6 data packet filtering strategy to guarantee security of the information from each network terminal.
Aiming at problems that the existing LAN Firewall can not monitor user access and hostile attack effectively, the scheme of firewall remote control based on the specific port of Linux Socket was proposed.It used the dynamic packet filter of Linux-based operating system, which integrated the packet filter, common service configuration and IP blacklist; Secondly, it used Linux Socket network program design architecture to realize remote control of firewall;Then, it used the GTK+ to design a model of graphical interface client management and configuration program based on C/S model, which could facilitate administrator to configure the firewall.Results of the test showed that this firewall system could solve the control of net user access behavior and many kinds of attacks, such as DDoS Attacks and the Port Scan Attacks, furthermore, it gave extended function to IPv6 data packet filtering strategy to guarantee security of the information from each network terminal.
2015, 30(5-6)
:104-107.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.021
Abstract:
Aiming at the situation that there was no formal quality evaluation model oriented to mobile client, a quality evaluation method of mobile client based on AHP was proposed. Via the analysis of mobile client software, the quality requirements, functions and features were concluded. The evaluation recommended weight table of mobile client software quality was formulated. The AHP was adopted to analyze the mobile client software and to construct judgment matrix to carry on the dynamic correction, and to measure the quality of software through the consistency check results. Examples showed that this method was able to improve its inappropriate weights of evaluation, so as to make the mobile client software evaluation objective and quantitative, to offer reference for establishing a formal mobile client software quality evaluation model.
Aiming at the situation that there was no formal quality evaluation model oriented to mobile client, a quality evaluation method of mobile client based on AHP was proposed. Via the analysis of mobile client software, the quality requirements, functions and features were concluded. The evaluation recommended weight table of mobile client software quality was formulated. The AHP was adopted to analyze the mobile client software and to construct judgment matrix to carry on the dynamic correction, and to measure the quality of software through the consistency check results. Examples showed that this method was able to improve its inappropriate weights of evaluation, so as to make the mobile client software evaluation objective and quantitative, to offer reference for establishing a formal mobile client software quality evaluation model.
2015, 30(5-6)
:108-112.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.022
Abstract:
In order to solve the problem that there was big gap between result of extracting the building based on shadow and real building number owing to the big area of trees shadow, combining with building DSM data, a new method of building extraction from remote sensing image with colors that based on DSM and shadow was presented. It eliminated the influence of vegetation information by setting the vegetation segmentation threshold.It extracted the shadow area of building from image partitioned by the mean-shift algorithm.It got the NDSM image that included actual height by processing of DSM.Then it extracted the building again and optimized extraction. The result indicated that this method improved precision to some extent than only according to the shadow for building extraction and the experiment configuration was more regular and closer to real surface features.
In order to solve the problem that there was big gap between result of extracting the building based on shadow and real building number owing to the big area of trees shadow, combining with building DSM data, a new method of building extraction from remote sensing image with colors that based on DSM and shadow was presented. It eliminated the influence of vegetation information by setting the vegetation segmentation threshold.It extracted the shadow area of building from image partitioned by the mean-shift algorithm.It got the NDSM image that included actual height by processing of DSM.Then it extracted the building again and optimized extraction. The result indicated that this method improved precision to some extent than only according to the shadow for building extraction and the experiment configuration was more regular and closer to real surface features.
2015, 30(5-6)
:113-116.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.023
Abstract:
Aiming at the problems of outdoor switchgear high-voltage contact temperature measurement such as vulnerability to environmental impact and low precision, the 10 kV outdoor switchgear high-voltage contact wireless temperature monitoring system was designed.The system selected the wireless RF MCU CC2530F256 as the core chip, using the self organizing of ZigBee network, through temperature measurement terminal node and handheld coordinator node of the network, realized the outdoor switchgear high-voltage contact temperature data precision measurement and wireless transmission.Experimental results showed that the system was not easy to be affected by the environment, and the measured data error was less than 1℃.It could satisfy the requirement of outdoor switchgear high-voltage contact temperature online monitoring.
Aiming at the problems of outdoor switchgear high-voltage contact temperature measurement such as vulnerability to environmental impact and low precision, the 10 kV outdoor switchgear high-voltage contact wireless temperature monitoring system was designed.The system selected the wireless RF MCU CC2530F256 as the core chip, using the self organizing of ZigBee network, through temperature measurement terminal node and handheld coordinator node of the network, realized the outdoor switchgear high-voltage contact temperature data precision measurement and wireless transmission.Experimental results showed that the system was not easy to be affected by the environment, and the measured data error was less than 1℃.It could satisfy the requirement of outdoor switchgear high-voltage contact temperature online monitoring.
2015, 30(5-6)
:117-120.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.024
Abstract:
In order to simplify the control algorithm of three level inverter and improve the stability of the system, diode clamped three level inverter SVPWM control algorithm was put forward which based on the change of the space voltage vector to realize magnetic chain tracking control.By Matlab/Simulink simulattion output, the machine testing was made with TMS320F2812 DSP as the control core of diode clamped three level inverter.The results showed that SVPWM algorithm was simple and easy to master, the output voltage of diode clamped three level inverter was close to sine wave, the system had better stability to better meet the needs of engineering.
In order to simplify the control algorithm of three level inverter and improve the stability of the system, diode clamped three level inverter SVPWM control algorithm was put forward which based on the change of the space voltage vector to realize magnetic chain tracking control.By Matlab/Simulink simulattion output, the machine testing was made with TMS320F2812 DSP as the control core of diode clamped three level inverter.The results showed that SVPWM algorithm was simple and easy to master, the output voltage of diode clamped three level inverter was close to sine wave, the system had better stability to better meet the needs of engineering.
2015, 30(5-6)
:121-123.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.025
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem that camera calibration method based on active vision was too high in requirement in the form of camera motion, and difficult to realize, a simplified method of camera calibration was proposed which needed only 2 times pure translation motion.In this method, the basic matrix F was obtained by 2 pairs of matching points, and the linear solution of the internal parameters of the camera was obtained by the intrinsic relationship of the basic matrix, then the 4 internal parameters were obtained.The simulation experiment results showed that this method could be controlled within a certain range of simulation error under certain conditions, which could meet the requirement of the accuracy of the robot location, and reduce the computation time and improve the real-time performance of the robot.
Aiming at the problem that camera calibration method based on active vision was too high in requirement in the form of camera motion, and difficult to realize, a simplified method of camera calibration was proposed which needed only 2 times pure translation motion.In this method, the basic matrix F was obtained by 2 pairs of matching points, and the linear solution of the internal parameters of the camera was obtained by the intrinsic relationship of the basic matrix, then the 4 internal parameters were obtained.The simulation experiment results showed that this method could be controlled within a certain range of simulation error under certain conditions, which could meet the requirement of the accuracy of the robot location, and reduce the computation time and improve the real-time performance of the robot.
2015, 30(5-6)
:124-128.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.026
Abstract:
The smart antenna sound array adaptive beamforming algorithm model based on quantum particle swarm optimization(QPSO) algorithm was presented, which applied QPSO to adjust array antenna radius and the initial phase of array element, and then controlled the forming of the sound smart antenna array beam, so that the main lobe of the antenna beam aligned direction desired sound source signals, nulling alignment direction to interference signal, and forming the optimal gain main lobe and side lobes peak ratio.Matlab simulation results showed that the model could enhance the direction of the main lobe gain by about 10 dB, reducing noise directional gain by about 3.75 dB, effectively increasing the system communication capability and anti-jamming capability, and presented a universal scanning angle.
The smart antenna sound array adaptive beamforming algorithm model based on quantum particle swarm optimization(QPSO) algorithm was presented, which applied QPSO to adjust array antenna radius and the initial phase of array element, and then controlled the forming of the sound smart antenna array beam, so that the main lobe of the antenna beam aligned direction desired sound source signals, nulling alignment direction to interference signal, and forming the optimal gain main lobe and side lobes peak ratio.Matlab simulation results showed that the model could enhance the direction of the main lobe gain by about 10 dB, reducing noise directional gain by about 3.75 dB, effectively increasing the system communication capability and anti-jamming capability, and presented a universal scanning angle.
2015, 30(5-6)
:129-133.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.027
Abstract:
Aiming at the model of a 5-dimensional linear neural network, a controller which could ensure that the solution of the controlled system was uniformly bounded was introduced to analyze the relationship between the change rate of the phase volume, Lyapunov exponents and the divergence of system.A judging standard for the controlled system was obtained, which meant that different system parameter would present different state, such as dissipative chaos system, conservative system and unstable system.Simulation results show that the system would present complex dynamical behaviors while the system parameters change, and the controlled system would be hyperchaotic when some conditions were satisfied.
Aiming at the model of a 5-dimensional linear neural network, a controller which could ensure that the solution of the controlled system was uniformly bounded was introduced to analyze the relationship between the change rate of the phase volume, Lyapunov exponents and the divergence of system.A judging standard for the controlled system was obtained, which meant that different system parameter would present different state, such as dissipative chaos system, conservative system and unstable system.Simulation results show that the system would present complex dynamical behaviors while the system parameters change, and the controlled system would be hyperchaotic when some conditions were satisfied.
2015, 30(5-6)
:134-137.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.028
Abstract:
The chaos synchronization problem of fractional order complex network system was studied through drive-responsive approach on lyapunov stability theory and fractional order calculus relevant theory.The sufficient conditions for fractional order complex network and its time-delayed system realizing chaos synchronization were given, which suggested that master-slave system could realize the chaos synchronization under certain conditions.Numerical simulations example of chaotic system verified the correctness of the proposed method.
The chaos synchronization problem of fractional order complex network system was studied through drive-responsive approach on lyapunov stability theory and fractional order calculus relevant theory.The sufficient conditions for fractional order complex network and its time-delayed system realizing chaos synchronization were given, which suggested that master-slave system could realize the chaos synchronization under certain conditions.Numerical simulations example of chaotic system verified the correctness of the proposed method.
2015, 30(5-6)
:138-141.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.029
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems of the present physiological information detection system such as the overuse of network communication, inconvenience of carrying and detection singleness of physiological information, the portable wireless physiological information monitoring system was designed in GPRS technology. The system was designed with STM32F030C8T6 MCU as core component. The MCU could read data measured by the sensors of body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate at fixed time, and then realize the wireless monitoring and transmission by serial port with SIM900A GPRS module. The system could realize message receiving and sending only through communication network, and it was portable and suitable for the monitoring of old solitary people.
In order to solve the problems of the present physiological information detection system such as the overuse of network communication, inconvenience of carrying and detection singleness of physiological information, the portable wireless physiological information monitoring system was designed in GPRS technology. The system was designed with STM32F030C8T6 MCU as core component. The MCU could read data measured by the sensors of body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate at fixed time, and then realize the wireless monitoring and transmission by serial port with SIM900A GPRS module. The system could realize message receiving and sending only through communication network, and it was portable and suitable for the monitoring of old solitary people.
2015, 30(5-6)
:142-145.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.030
Abstract:
A breath gas alcohol content remote monitoring system was designed.The system connected hand-held intelligent terminal and breath gas alcohol content detector through the bluetooth, introduced preset sampling anti-cheating designs such as positive pressure and negative pressure blowing detection, verified subjects identity according to equipment number and identity information, and compared subjects' facial image with preset information to ensure the reliability of data collection.Combined with the data processing of backend server, the subjects' breath gas alcohol content remote monitoring was effectively realized.Practice proved that the system was simple in operation and accurate in data and it had a positive effect on controlling the driver's drinking behavior and preventing secondary crime.
A breath gas alcohol content remote monitoring system was designed.The system connected hand-held intelligent terminal and breath gas alcohol content detector through the bluetooth, introduced preset sampling anti-cheating designs such as positive pressure and negative pressure blowing detection, verified subjects identity according to equipment number and identity information, and compared subjects' facial image with preset information to ensure the reliability of data collection.Combined with the data processing of backend server, the subjects' breath gas alcohol content remote monitoring was effectively realized.Practice proved that the system was simple in operation and accurate in data and it had a positive effect on controlling the driver's drinking behavior and preventing secondary crime.
2015, 30(5-6)
:146-150.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.031
Abstract:
Aimed at the defects that the small formaldehyde detector had high price and low sensitivity currently, a smart formaldehyde detector with the microcontroller of STM8S which had high sensitivity and precision based on a new nano material sensor was designed.With a special gas path and high precision signal acquisition circuit, the detector achieved the high sensitivity and high precision measurement of formaldehyde gas.It could sense 0.03 mg/m3 formaldehyde gas, and the resolution was 0.01 mg/m3.The detector designed by low voltage and low power was powered by a 3.7 V lithium battery and could work more than 8 h with optimized power consumption design.Wireless charging and Bluetooth technology were integrated into the detector which made the detector communicate with mobile phone, PC and other personal intelligent terminal equipment.Test results showed that in the range of 0~3 mg/m3, the deviation the deviation of the detection result of the formaldehyde detector was less 2% and it was superior to other detectors.
Aimed at the defects that the small formaldehyde detector had high price and low sensitivity currently, a smart formaldehyde detector with the microcontroller of STM8S which had high sensitivity and precision based on a new nano material sensor was designed.With a special gas path and high precision signal acquisition circuit, the detector achieved the high sensitivity and high precision measurement of formaldehyde gas.It could sense 0.03 mg/m3 formaldehyde gas, and the resolution was 0.01 mg/m3.The detector designed by low voltage and low power was powered by a 3.7 V lithium battery and could work more than 8 h with optimized power consumption design.Wireless charging and Bluetooth technology were integrated into the detector which made the detector communicate with mobile phone, PC and other personal intelligent terminal equipment.Test results showed that in the range of 0~3 mg/m3, the deviation the deviation of the detection result of the formaldehyde detector was less 2% and it was superior to other detectors.
2015, 30(5-6)
:151-156.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.032
Abstract:
A gray weighted relational evaluation model based on DEA cross-efficiency was proposed. In this model, the advantages of gray theory on the fields of performance evaluation of small sample and poor data were fully used, and the decision-makers' preference degree of evaluation was considered. The model construction efficiently avoided the potential imbalance of liner weight. The ratio model based on DEA cross-efficiency made the result agree with the fact and reduced the subjectivity caused by the direct empowerment to some extent. Empirical practices and simulation analysis showed the advantage, practicability and applicability of this model on relative fields.
A gray weighted relational evaluation model based on DEA cross-efficiency was proposed. In this model, the advantages of gray theory on the fields of performance evaluation of small sample and poor data were fully used, and the decision-makers' preference degree of evaluation was considered. The model construction efficiently avoided the potential imbalance of liner weight. The ratio model based on DEA cross-efficiency made the result agree with the fact and reduced the subjectivity caused by the direct empowerment to some extent. Empirical practices and simulation analysis showed the advantage, practicability and applicability of this model on relative fields.
2015, 30(5-6)
:157-160.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-476X.2015.5/6.033
Abstract:
A new multiple attribute group decision making method based on projection and weight score function under the intuitionistic environment was presented.In this method, according to the projection of the various decisions on the ideal decision, the weight of each expert can be obtained. Then the group decision making problem was converted to decision making problem.The weighted score function was used to determine the attribute weights and the optimal solution was given.An illustrative example was given to verify the developed method and demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
A new multiple attribute group decision making method based on projection and weight score function under the intuitionistic environment was presented.In this method, according to the projection of the various decisions on the ideal decision, the weight of each expert can be obtained. Then the group decision making problem was converted to decision making problem.The weighted score function was used to determine the attribute weights and the optimal solution was given.An illustrative example was given to verify the developed method and demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
Journal Information
Founded in 1986， bimonthly
Administered by：The Education Department Henan Province
Sponsored by：Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Editor-in-chief：Wei Shizhong
Executive Editor-in-Chief：Zou Lin
Deputy Editor-in-Chief：Qu Shuanghong
Edited & published by：Editorial Department of Journal of Light Industry
CN 41-1437/TS
ISSN 2096-1553
Address：136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
Postal Code：450001
Tel：(086)0371-86608635
(086)0371-86608633
