2016 Vol. 31, No. 1
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With Chinese social and economical development entering new normal, the constraints of resources and energy, the seriousness of environmental pollution, the degradation of ecosystm, the increasing contradiction between development and population, resource and environment became the bottleneck of the sustainable development of Chinese society and economy. Light industry, as the link between green production mode and green consumption mode, was required to adhere to the "green" principle and emphasize green innovation. Chinese government took great efforts on environmental protection. Green production notion changed from the end control of pollution and emission on standard, pollutant recovery and recycling, "source" governance to " life cylce" clean production and ecological industry. The mode was designed as reference to zones of industries such as sugar production, paper making and food production. The future light manufacturing industry is personalized and modularized green top desigh. Green cultivation driving industry development is the main direction in the future.
Chinese Baijiu won its reputation for the unique material, process, special flavor, long history and rich cultural connotation.With the rapid development of Chinese food industry, the modernization of Chinese Baijiu is imperative.The development trend of Chinese Baijiu:reasonable price, flavor innovation, concept innovation, modernization and internationalization were analyzed.Among them, the first thing was to solve a series of scientific problems in Chinese Baijiu brewage.The possible transformative technology in the modernization of Chinese Baijiu, regarding to starter-making, saccharifying fermentation, liquor body design, special grain of wine, etc were dissected.The focus of future research and development of Baijiu containing ismicrobial metabolites with strain library, automatic temperature and humidity control technology of fermentation, flavor analysis and library, regulation of functional and hazardous substances, modernization of Baijiu standards and so on were indicated.
Using the residues of Chinese meicine Xuebijing as materials, bioactive peptide was prepared by protease hydrolysis. The hydrolysis residues effect of acid protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease was investigated. On this basis, the appropriate proportion of compound protease hydrolysis residues was studied, and the suitable hydrolysis time of compound protease was confirmed by comparing the index of different hydrolysis time, such as protein extraction rate, hydrolysis degree and the antioxidant index DPPH free radical clearance rate. The results showed that the neutral protease compounded with alkaline protease was selected to prepare bioactive peptides, appropriate ratio was 3 :1; the suitable hydrolysis time of complex protease was 4 h, under the condition, the protein extraction rate was 81%, and the antioxidant index DPPH free radical clearance rate was 39.8%.
The control storage condition was 4 ℃,and the two ice temperature storage conditions were set up -0.7 ℃ and -2.4 ℃,respectively,and the indexes of the shear force,hardness,pH,TVB-N,aerobic bacterial counts and coliforms were investigated on a regular way, in order to research the quality change of chicken breast.With storage time as factor and aerobic bacterial counts as an index,shelf life prediction model under the conditions of different storage temperature was established.The results showed that the value of shear force,pH,TVB-N,aerobic bacterial counts increased slowly, the hardness value decreased rapidly,and coliforms changed slowly during the storage time under -0.7 ℃ and -2.4 ℃,besides,the shelf life was 13 d and 19 d respectively.However,the shelf life was 6 d under 4 ℃.The ice temperature storage could effectively prolong the time of storage.
Using reducing sugar yield as index, the effect of hydrolysis time, hydrolysis temperature and sulfuric acid concentration on jujube polysaccharide hydrolysis was studied. Based on single factor test, orthogonal test was used to optimize the jujube polysaccharide hydrolysis conditions. Then the hygroscopicity, moisture retention of hydrolysis product were studied. And the correlation between the reducing sugar content of hydrolysis product and its hygroscopicity and moisture retention was investigated. The results showed that the optimization conditions of jujube polysaccharide hydrolysis were as follows: hydrolysis time 120 min, hydrolysis temperature 70 ℃, sulfuric acid concentration 0.15 mol/L. Under this condition, the reducing sugar yield was 97.56%. The jujube polysaccharide hydrolysis products had good hygroscopicity and moisture retention, no significant difference than that of glycerol in the same conditions. The hygroscopicity and moisture retention of hydrolysis product had positively linear correlation with reducing sugar content, and the linear correlation coefficient were 0.905 and 0.919,respectively.The jujube polysaccharide hydrolysis products had a good application prospect in the field of food and cosmetics production.
Using Cheopodium quinoa willd bran, the extraction process of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was studied by enzyme-water method.Phenol-sulfate method was used to measure the yield of NSP.The optimal extraction conditions were determinated through single factor assay and orthogonal assay.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were material-liquid ratio(w/v) 1:16,the addition of viscozyme 2.0 mg/g, extraction temperature 90 ℃,extraction time 100 min.Under the experiment conditions,the yield of NSP was 7.55%.Compared with other extraction methods, the extraction yield of water-soluble NSP was higher, to the use of Cheopodium quinoa willd bran more fully. And because extraction solvent was water, there was no strong acid alkali waste liquid generated in extraction process, which would not cause environmental pollution.
The released amount and the gas/particle phase distribution ratio of the conventional components and 17 aroma components in cigarette mainstream smoke of the cigarettes with tipping paper permeability (0 CU, 100 CU, 400 CU, 800 CU and 1 200 CU) were investigated and the sensory taste of the samples was evaluated. The results showed that both the conventional components and the total released amount aroma components in mainstream cigarette smoke release amount decreased with increasing of tipping paper permeability; the gas/particle phase distribution ratio of almost aroma components raised gradually with the increase of tipping paper permeability; Therefore the cigarette with tipping paper permeability of 400 CU was more suitable in the actual production.
In order to improve the measurement results precision of cigarette mainstream smoke pH, a method which based on Impinger 5 box trapping method of the pH value of particulate matter and vapor phase matter of cigarette mainstream smoke was established,and the measurement conditions were optimized.The best measurement conditions were: the cigarette number was 10,extraction solvent volume was 90 mL and the shaking extraction time was 30 min.Under the condition, the pH value of 5 different kinds verification of cigarette samples was tested with the method and the result indicated that the RSD of the method was 0.302%~0.562%,the average difference of the mainstream smoke pH value which was greater than or equal to 0.030 showed a significant difference.This method could be used without changing the smoking machine pumping parameters and it was simple, convenient and the determination results had high precision and better repeatability.
The research progresses on cembranoids, such as separation, identification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, bio-synthesis and bio-degradation as well as chemical synthesis, have been reviewed. Based on the current available separation and analysis methods as well as studies on the formation and degradation of cembranoids in tobacco, column chromatography and HPLC methods have shown good performance on separating and analyzing cembranoids both qualitatively and quantitatively whereas the procedures based on GC and GC-MS methods showed a relatively lower sensitivity to this kind of semi-volatile chemicals. The formation and degradation of cembranoids in tobacco were generally considered to be related to illumination, oxidation and biocatalysis. Many research works done on this aspect, however, no final conclusion has been made. Future research is expected to focus on the following directions: development of more straightforward, accurate and faster analysis methods; in-depth methodological research on biological degradation of cembranoids in tobacco to flavor components; mechanism studies on the formation and degradation of cembranoids.
Using the DNA strand displacement technology that the reaction progress was programmable and the DNA strand dynamics was predictable, two logic computational models (logic NAND gate and NOR gate) with circular DNA as a basic work unit were designed based on DNA strand displacement reaction. In these models, single-stranded DNA was regarded as the system input. Using many DNA recognition domains and toehold domains which were contained in circular DNA molecule,the output signal was accurately identified by detecting specific fluorescent signal to ensure the correctness and extensive applicability of these DNA logic gate models.
In order to reduce the biological operation of mass DNA cryptography algorithm, an information hiding sequence was proposed based on DNA sequence operation. Using DNA sequence database as a natural DNA password, combining with the DNA digital encoding rules, the information to be encrypted and reference sequences was converted to DNA sequence by an XOR operation.Then, by mixing with redundant sequences information hiding was achieved. The performance and security analysis of the scheme results showed that the sequence did not need the biological operation, had the character of low cost,was easy to transport and had strong security.
As a new encryption method, DNA cryptography was based on DNA molecule as the information carrier. Using the ultra-high storage density, ultra-low energy consumption and very large scale parallel computing ability of DNA molecule, encryption, authentication and signature and other cryptographic functions could be achieved. At present, the information security technology was developed from various aspects, such as the encryption method based on DNA, the authentication technology, and the decipher analysis of the traditional cryptography based on DNA computing. However, the research in DNA cryptography was still in infancy. Breaking the limit of existing experimental conditions and building a relatively complete theoretical system based on DNA molecular information security technology, breaking through the data complexity and computational complexity of the analysis would be the future research direction.
AFM/STM techniques are very important in the surface/interfacial properties and structures of ILs.At present,the research of using AFM/STM techniques to directly observe the structures and properties of ILs membrane,ILs mixtures,load Ils,and the structures and properties of Ils in the reaction process by in situ observation was made.Especially in the changes of surface/interfacial properties and structures of ILs by in situ observation,AFM/STM techniques got very good application.In the future,the research on ILs with different anion and cation structures,the effects of properties for ILs and gases,ILs and solid interface should be mainly strengthened,and then a system of chemical theory is to be formed which provides theory support for the application of ILs absorbing gas and catalytic reaction,and further the model is to be built to guide the design of ILs.
The possible reaction paths of synthesis of propylene carbonate catalyzed by proline ionic liquid were studied by density functional theory (DFT).The geometries of reactants, transition states and products were optimized at M06/6-31+G(d) theoretical level.All stationary point and transition states were verified according to the number of imaginary frequency through harmonic vibrational analysis, transition states were also confirmed by intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis.Single point energy for each species was recalculated at M06/6-311++G(2d,p) theoretical level.The results indicated that 2,4-pentanedione was activated by proline anion through a proton transfer reaction to yield 2,4-pentanedione anion which contained a carbon anion.The synthesis of propylene carbonate was catalyzed by the 2,4-pentanedione anion.Alternatively, the 2,4-pentanedione anion was able to be carboxylated by CO2.The carboxylated 2,4-pentanedione anion showed a higher catalytic activity, however, the carboxylation reaction was a thermodynamic unfavorable process.
The composites of gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs/rGO) was synthesized by liquid phase one-step co-reduction method. The crystal structure and the surface morphology were characterized by XRD and SEM. XPS was employed to characterize the chemical components before and after DNA absorbed on AuNPs/rGO composites. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to measure the electrochemical property changes of Cu2+ detection. The results showed that the AuNPs/rGO composites had good crystal structure. Comparing with graphene oxide, there were wrinkles and gold nanoparticles on the AuNPs/rGO composites surface. The XPS spectra showed that DNA was immobilized on the AuNPs/rGO composites surface successfully. And the developed electrochemical biosensor exhibited high sensitivity toward the determination Cu2+ with a low detection limit of 0.02 nmol/L.This biosensor aslo showed high selectivity and reusability.
The influence of different stress factors such as temperature, vacuum and vibration on room temperature electrochemical sensor life was analyzed by constant stress accelerated test. The results showed that the temperature was the maximum stress, and when the temperature raised from 40 ℃ to 50 ℃, the life of sensors shortened from 6 months to 3 months. Influence of low environment pressure on the life reliability of the sensor was weaker than the temperature stress. And when the absolute pressure decreased from 50 kPa to 10 kPa, life expectancy was shortened by 1/3. The results also showed that vibration stress had little effect on the reliability of sensor life. Research and development of new type of low volatile and high stability electrolyte material wich could resist high temperature and low environment pressure was the main direction of the development of room-temperature electrochemical oxygen sensor.
Founded in 1986, bimonthly
Administered by:The Education Department Henan Province
Sponsored by:Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Editor-in-chief:Wei Shizhong
Executive Editor-in-Chief:Zou Lin
Deputy Editor-in-Chief:Qu Shuanghong
Edited & published by:Editorial Department of Journal of Light Industry
CN 41-1437/TS
ISSN 2096-1553
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