2020 Vol. 35, No. 1
Display Method: |
A novel baking product called crispy cake with shredded squid stuffing was developed by using squid as stuffing material.Using single factor and orthogonal experiment,combining with color,hardness and sensory evaluation,the effect of different substitution of white granulated sugar,palm oil and egg liquid on crispy layer quality was studied and flavor component changes during baking process was studied by vacuum assisted flavor evaporation-solid phase micro extraction (VAFE-SPME) with electronic nose.The results showed that when low gluten flour content was counted as 100%,the crispy layer composed of 10% sugar,35% palm oil and 25% egg liquid could contribute to the optimal recipe with fine texture and color.The quality and hardness declined along with the decrease of water content during baking.A total of 65 volatile flavor compounds were identified during the baking process including thirteen kinds of alcohols,sixteen kinds of aldehydes,seven kinds of ketones,six kinds of heterocyclic compounds and twenty-three kinds of others.Alcohols and aldehydes were the main flavor compounds during baking.With the increase of baking time,the total content of alcohols declined gradually,aldehydes increased first and then declined and the content of ketones changed slightly.
The sensory evaluation of "Fotiaoqiang" soup-stock was investigated at different boiling time.The contents of protein,lipid,free amino acid and free nucleotide were determined to discover the nutritional and flavor changes during soup-stock slow boiling.The results showed that the highest sensory evaluation score was 92 when the soup-stock boiling time was the 10 th hour with the highest protein and lipid concentration of 39.2% and 40.9% respectively.21 kinds of free amino acid and 6 kinds of free nucleotide were detected in the soup-stock and the concentration of free amino acid and free nucleotide representing umami taste was relatively stable.
Defatted rice bran was taken as material, by high temperature alpha amylase liquefaction, liquid fermentation, acid leaching, alkaline protease hydrolysis and spray drying process, the butanol, phytate, rice bran protein and rice bran dietary fiber were co-produced. The process conditions and physicochemical properties of the products were studied. The results showed that the extraction sequence suitable for defatted rice bran was DRB liquefaction at high temperature,butanal fermentation,phytate, extract rice bran protein and rice bran dietary fiber separation. The mass concentration of butanol in the fermentation broth was up to 14.03 g/L. The extraction rate of phytate was 6.20%, while the content of P2O5 was 39.77%, which fully met the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The extraction rate of rice bran protein was 12.11%, while the content of total amino acids was 63.32%. The composition of essential amino acids was comparable to that of egg protein, which had low allergy and was suitable for use in children's food. The extraction rate of rice bran dietary fiber was 25.00%, while the content of dietary fiber was 72.00%, which could be added to various health foods as functional food additives.
Single factor experiment was used to analyze the effects of the addition of superfine coix rice powder,superfine red bean powder,sucrose and yeast on bread quality.The bread specific volume and sensory score were used as evaluation indexes,and the processing formula of superfine coix rice and red bean powder bread was optimized by response surface analysis.The results showed that the optimum technological formula of superfine coix rice and red bean powder bread was as follows:the weight of mixed powder as base,the addition amount of superfine coix rice powder was 15%,the addition amount of superfine red bean powder was 15%,the addition amount of sucrose was 16%,and the addition amount of yeast was 1.4%.Under this condition,the specific volume of superfine coix rice and red bean powder bread made by secondary fermentation was 5.4 mL/g,the comprehensive score was 85.85,the nutrition,color and taste of the bread were good,which met the health needs of modern people.
Using columnar silica gel and boric acid as the main raw materials, five types of heteroatom molecular sieves, NaB-Beta, NaB-ZSM-5, Si-Beta, HB-Beta and HB-ZSM-5 were synthesized by hydrothermal method. As a carrier, a series of propane dehydrogenation catalyst samples were prepared by impregnating VOx, and their propane dehydrogenation catalytic performance and structure were analyzed and characterized. The results showed that the sample (8VOx/HB-Beta) prepared with HB-Beta molecular sieve as the carrier and 8% (mass fraction) of VOx had the best catalytic activity for propane dehydrogenation. The reaction was carried out at 600℃for 30 min,the conversion rate was 43%, the propylene selectivity was 78%, and the propylene yield was 34%. HB-Beta molecular sieve was more conducive to the dispersion of vanadium oxide VOx, and then monodispersed vanadium oxide VOx was formed.These highly dispersed vanadium species and a certain amount of acid on the carrier were the key factors for the high activity of this type of propane dehydrogenation catalyst.
Using[(n-C4H9)4N]4[W10O32], AgNO3 and 4,4'-bipyridine (BPY) as raw materials, the first photosensitive H2[Ag2(W10O32)(BPY)4] material was synthesized by hydrothermal method (named AgW-BPY), and its structure, optical properties and performance of heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane were studied. The results showed that the covalent bond between the photosensitivity[W10O32]4- polyacid anion and the MOF framework made[W10O32]4- polyacid anion difficult to dissolve from the MOF framework, and the heterogeneous immobilization of anions W10O324- polyacid was successfully realized; AgW-BPY had a band gap value of 2.30 eV, which had the potential as a photocatalyst; under visible light irradiation at room temperature, AgW-BPY had good photocatalytic activity for molecular oxygen oxidize cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexan, the conversion efficiency was 76.1%,and the conversion rate was still 74.5% after 3 cycles of experiments.
Using aniline as monomer, ammonium persulfate as initiator, ZnCl2 and FeCl3 as metal sources, ZnFe-PANI catalyst precursor was prepared by one-step in-situ chemical polymerization method, and then ZnFe-N-C catalyst was synthesized by high temperature pyrolysis-acidification-secondary pyrolysis. The morphology and structure of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman and other methods, and its catalytic performance was investigated by the electroreduction reaction of CO2. The results showed that metal doping had little effect on the morphology and structure of N-C materials, but enhanced its structural stability, increased the number of defect sites and active sites, and the area of electrochemical activity, which was conducive to the improvement of reaction performance; When the molar ratio of Zn and Fe was 3:1 in the precursor, the obtained sample ZnFe-N-C-3-1 had the best catalytic performance. At an overvoltage of 0.5 V, the Faraday efficiency of the CO2 product by electroreduction was as high as 55%.
Using chitosan (CS), citrate (CA), and acrylamide (AAm) as raw materials, a two-step method was used to prepare the chitosan-citrate/polyacrylamide (CS-CA/PAAm) double-network hydrogel, and the rheological properties, mechanical properties and micro-morphology of the hydrogel with different PAAm contents were analyzed and characterized. The results showed that when the PAAm content was 34.6%, the storage modulus of the hydrogel was up to 50 kPa, and the brittle hydrogel became a flexible hydrogel with an elongation at break of up to 110% and a compressive deformation capacity of 90%. And under the condition of 60% strain, there were almost no hysteresis loops after cyclic compression 3 times, showing good rheological and mechanical properties. The hydrogel had a more dense and porous microstructure. With the introduction of PAAm (0~34.6%), the swelling rate of the hydrogel was reduced from 644% to 84%, and the swelling equilibrium time was shortened from 54 h to 25 h. The hemolysis rate was less than 5%, which met the national standard requirements and had good safety.
Tobacco volatiles were prepared by steam distillation, and the process conditions were optimized. The aroma components in tobacco volatiles were analyzed by GC-MS. The tobacco volatiles prepared under the optimal conditions were used in the preparation of electronic cigarette liquid, and its application effect was analyzed by sensory evaluation. The results showed that:The yield of tobacco volatiles prepared by distillation in water was significantly higher than that prepared by distillation over water; The best distillation conditions were 2 h infiltration time, 6 h in distillation time, and the NaCl mass fraction in the distillation system was 5%; Distilled in water, under the best distillation conditions, the aroma components in tobacco volatiles mainly include neophytadiene, solanone, damascenone, megastigmatrienone, geranylacetone, farnesylacetone, etc., but nicotine was not detected; Under the best distillation conditions and the same dilution 2000 times, the tobacco volatiles prepared by distillation in water were rich in flavor, obvious in tobacco fragrance, abundant in aroma, strong and thick in aroma, which was better than that prepared by distillation over water. Tobacco volatiles prepared under best distillation conditions by distillation in water could better meet the tobacco style and smoke state of traditional cigarettes required by electronic cigarettes.
In order to investigate the effects of cigarette paper properties on the combustion coal fallout propensity of burning slim cigarette, cigarette paper with different parameters (grammage, air permeability, hemp pulp content, ash content, burn promoter content and proportion of potassium salts in burn promoter) was selected and the samples of fine cigarette were made. The parameters were set optimization.The results showed that the combustion coal fallout propensity of slim cigarettes decreased rapidly with the increase of paper grammage.The presence of air permeability, hemp pulp content and ash content in cigarette papers was able to promote the fallout propensity of combustion coal, in a content-dependent manner. Meanwhile, air permeability of cigarette paper exhibited a positive correlation to the combustion coal fallout propensity.The change of burn promoter content had no significant effect on reducing the tendency of the fallout propensity of combustion coal, while the excessively high proportion of potassium salts in burn promoter would cause the tendency of the fallout propensity of combustion coal to fall rapidly.The four parameters of air permeability, grammage, burn promoter content and proportion of potassium salts in burn promoter were sorted in descending order of the influence on the combustion coal fallout propensity as below:air permeability > grammage > proportion of potassium salts in burn promoter > burn promoter content. The combustion coal fallout propensity decreased from 6.3% to 2.5% with the optimum cigarette paper parameters of air permeability 50 CU, grammage 34 g·m-2, proportion of potassium salts in burn promoter 50%, burn promoter content 1.5%.
The single-factor experiment was used to investigate the effect of filter wrap's air permeability, tipping paper's air permeability, and perforation row number on the filter ventilation rate of the cigarette.Furthermore, the effects of three factors and their interaction on the filter ventilation rate of the cigarette and the chemical composition of mainstream smoke by split-plot experiment were analyzed. The results showed that the filter ventilation rate of the cigarette increased with the increase of tipping paper's air permeability or perforation row number in single-factor experiment and split-plot experiment. In the range of 3300~8000 CU, the effect of the permeability of the formed paper on the ventilation rate of the cigarette filter was significant. After exceeding 8000 CU, the effect of filter wrap's air permeability on the filter ventilation rate of the cigarette decreased. The three factors of filter wrap's air permeability, tipping paper's air permeability, and perforation row number had significant interactions, which could coordinately adjust the filter ventilation rate of cigarette. With the increase of the filter wrap's air permeability, tipping paper's air permeability, and perforation row number, the content of nicotine, tar and CO in the mainstream smoke of cigarette decreased. According to actual needs, the filter wrap's air permeability was 8000 CU, tipping paper's air permeability was 250 CU, and perforation row number was 3, which could reduce the content of nicotine, tar and CO in the cigarette smoke, and reduce the loss of smoke aroma.
Taking 2024 aluminum alloy as the research object,Deform-3D finite element software was used to conduct numerical simulation of the specimen and 8-pass ECAP experiment of path A,and the changes of metal fluidity,extrusion load and equivalent strain in the deformation process of the specimen under different extrusion passes were studied.The results showed that the metal flow mesh in the head and tail region of the specimen presented bending deformation,while the central region presented pure shear deformation and the deformation degree increased significantly with the passes.The extrusion load increased first and then decreased with the increase of the extrusion pass,which was affected by the strength of the specimen.The size of the equivalent strain value of the specimen was proportional to the number of extrusion passes,and the equivalent strain value was distributed in layers from large to small from the area near the inner corner of the specimen,and the uniformity of strain distribution decreased after 3-pass.
Aiming at the problems of current fault diagnosis of rotating machinery with long calculation time and low accuracy, a CNN-RNN fusion analysis method was proposed by combining the feature extraction capability of CNN and the processing capability of RNN timing. A one-dimensional CNN network was used to extract feature data, which removed invalid information affected by environmental noise and other factors and still had timeliness. Then, the RNN with high accuracy of processing time-series data calculated the feature data and then applied to the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. The experimental results on the test set showed that the method did not require manual extraction of feature data, the computing time was reduced by about 1/2, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis was increased by about 2%.This method had feasibility.
Founded in 1986, bimonthly
Administered by:The Education Department Henan Province
Sponsored by:Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Editor-in-chief:Wei Shizhong
Executive Editor-in-Chief:Zou Lin
Deputy Editor-in-Chief:Qu Shuanghong
Edited & published by:Editorial Department of Journal of Light Industry
CN 41-1437/TS
ISSN 2096-1553
Address:136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
Postal Code:450001
Tel:(086)0371-86608635
(086)0371-86608633