2022 Vol. 37, No. 6
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2022, 37(6)
:1-10.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.001
Abstract:
Based on the brief introduction of the characteristics food-derived active peptides and immunomodulation principle of macrophage, the source and preparation of food-derived active peptides, the phenomenon of macrophage polarization, and the mechanism of food-derived active peptides regulating macrophage polarization to exert immunomodulatory effects were highlighted in the review. It pointed out that food-derived active peptides mainly included animal sources, plant sources, microbial sources and other active peptides, and their preparation methods mainly included enzymatic hydrolysis, physical assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, microbial-enzyme synergy. The microbial-enzyme synergy method had the advantages of improving the degree of hydrolysis, conversion rate of protein and the quality of extracted peptide, which was a good method to prepare food-derived active peptides. Food-derived active peptides could regulate macrophage polarization to play an immunomodulatory role. The signal pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, and TLR4/MyD88, which were important for regulating the polarization of macrophages. However, due to the complex relationship between macrophages and health, in the future, metabolomics, gene knockout and other new technologies should be used to study the effect of food-derived active peptides on regulating macrophage polarization and health from the aspects of macrophage functional diversity and synergistic effect of signaling pathways. It was expected that this review was able to provide theoretical basis for the application of food-derived active peptides in functional food.
Based on the brief introduction of the characteristics food-derived active peptides and immunomodulation principle of macrophage, the source and preparation of food-derived active peptides, the phenomenon of macrophage polarization, and the mechanism of food-derived active peptides regulating macrophage polarization to exert immunomodulatory effects were highlighted in the review. It pointed out that food-derived active peptides mainly included animal sources, plant sources, microbial sources and other active peptides, and their preparation methods mainly included enzymatic hydrolysis, physical assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, microbial-enzyme synergy. The microbial-enzyme synergy method had the advantages of improving the degree of hydrolysis, conversion rate of protein and the quality of extracted peptide, which was a good method to prepare food-derived active peptides. Food-derived active peptides could regulate macrophage polarization to play an immunomodulatory role. The signal pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, and TLR4/MyD88, which were important for regulating the polarization of macrophages. However, due to the complex relationship between macrophages and health, in the future, metabolomics, gene knockout and other new technologies should be used to study the effect of food-derived active peptides on regulating macrophage polarization and health from the aspects of macrophage functional diversity and synergistic effect of signaling pathways. It was expected that this review was able to provide theoretical basis for the application of food-derived active peptides in functional food.
2022, 37(6)
:11-17.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.002
Abstract:
The composition, fuctional activities of bioactive components of Cucumaria frondosa were reviewed, It was pointed out that Cucumaria frondosa contained a variety of bioactive components such as lipids, polysaccharides, saponins and peptides. They had functional activities such as antitumor, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. They had potential applications in functional food and nutritional health products. In the future, we could innovate the deep-processing technology of Cucumaria frondosa, strengthen the research on the functional activities and pharmacological effect of the bioactive components of Cucumaria frondosa, increase the added value of visceral and other by-products, so as to provide reference for the high-value utilization and the development of the whole industrial chain of Cucumaria frondosa.
The composition, fuctional activities of bioactive components of Cucumaria frondosa were reviewed, It was pointed out that Cucumaria frondosa contained a variety of bioactive components such as lipids, polysaccharides, saponins and peptides. They had functional activities such as antitumor, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. They had potential applications in functional food and nutritional health products. In the future, we could innovate the deep-processing technology of Cucumaria frondosa, strengthen the research on the functional activities and pharmacological effect of the bioactive components of Cucumaria frondosa, increase the added value of visceral and other by-products, so as to provide reference for the high-value utilization and the development of the whole industrial chain of Cucumaria frondosa.
2022, 37(6)
:18-24.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.003
Abstract:
The cell viability of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell could be determined by CCK-8 assay, and cell survival and apoptosis detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double-straining. The expressions of anti-apoptosis protein (Bcl-2), pro-apoptosis protein (Bax), and tight junction protein were determined by protein immunoblotting. This paper investigated the protective effects of Areca catechu L. polysaccharide (AP) on oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. The results showed that AP could down-regulate the expression of Bax, up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, and inhibit cell apoptosis caused by DMNQ, and improve endoplasmic stress, up-regulate the expression of Caco-2 tight junction protein Z0-1, Occludin and Claudin 1. AP also maintained the integrity of cells through improving the expression of tight junction protein. These results suggested that the AP could exhibit a protective effect to against DMNQ-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells.
The cell viability of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell could be determined by CCK-8 assay, and cell survival and apoptosis detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double-straining. The expressions of anti-apoptosis protein (Bcl-2), pro-apoptosis protein (Bax), and tight junction protein were determined by protein immunoblotting. This paper investigated the protective effects of Areca catechu L. polysaccharide (AP) on oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. The results showed that AP could down-regulate the expression of Bax, up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, and inhibit cell apoptosis caused by DMNQ, and improve endoplasmic stress, up-regulate the expression of Caco-2 tight junction protein Z0-1, Occludin and Claudin 1. AP also maintained the integrity of cells through improving the expression of tight junction protein. These results suggested that the AP could exhibit a protective effect to against DMNQ-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells.
2022, 37(6)
:25-33.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.004
Abstract:
The bioactive components and antioxidant activities of different parts (root,middle and top) of Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) Wight (CT) in Taklimakan Desert were measured and analyzed by multivariate statistics. The results showed that the origin and parts had significant effects on the content and antioxidant activity of bioactive components (total polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenes, polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, echinoside, verbascoside contents) of CT. There were significant differences in active substances in different parts of CT. Samples from different origins have strong antioxidant activity in vitro. The IC50 of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates were less than 7 mg/mL, and 3 mg/mL, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that IC50 DPPH was significantly negatively correlated with the contents of total polyphenols and echinoside. IC50 ABTS was negatively correlated with the contents of total polyphenols, total polysaccharides, echinoside, and verbascoside. Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 80.57%. The samples were divided into three groups by hierarchical cluster analysis. The comprehensive scoring order of samples from different origins was Kashgar Jiashi county (0.445), Alar city (0.313), Hotan Moyu county (0.051), Turpan Shanshan county (-0.057), Hotan Yutian County (-0.071), and Bayingolengqiemo county (-0.680).
The bioactive components and antioxidant activities of different parts (root,middle and top) of Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) Wight (CT) in Taklimakan Desert were measured and analyzed by multivariate statistics. The results showed that the origin and parts had significant effects on the content and antioxidant activity of bioactive components (total polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenes, polysaccharides, proanthocyanidins, echinoside, verbascoside contents) of CT. There were significant differences in active substances in different parts of CT. Samples from different origins have strong antioxidant activity in vitro. The IC50 of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates were less than 7 mg/mL, and 3 mg/mL, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that IC50 DPPH was significantly negatively correlated with the contents of total polyphenols and echinoside. IC50 ABTS was negatively correlated with the contents of total polyphenols, total polysaccharides, echinoside, and verbascoside. Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 80.57%. The samples were divided into three groups by hierarchical cluster analysis. The comprehensive scoring order of samples from different origins was Kashgar Jiashi county (0.445), Alar city (0.313), Hotan Moyu county (0.051), Turpan Shanshan county (-0.057), Hotan Yutian County (-0.071), and Bayingolengqiemo county (-0.680).
2022, 37(6)
:34-41.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.005
Abstract:
Flavonoids produced by C.globosum CGMCC 6882 was used to detect the effects on mice gut microbiota via analyzing the growth profile, body weight, serum indexes, gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Results showed that after 21 days feeding, body weight gain of mice in control group was 9.5 g and the body weight gain in experimental group was 7.2 g, and there was no significant change in serum biochemical indexes. Compared to control group, Ace, Chao1 and Shannon indexes and OTU number in flavonoids group increased with the extension of feeding time, but Simpson index decreased. In addition, the values of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) in control were higher than 0.74, while the F/B values of flavonoids group were lower than 0.41. Furthermore, acetate, propionate, butyrate and total short chain fatty acids in the cecum contents of flavonoids group mice increased from 22.1 μmol/g, 9.3 μmol/g, 8.1 μmol/g and 39.5 μmol/g to 29.3 μmol/g, 15.2 μmol/g, 9.5 μmol/g and 54.0 μmol/g, respectively. This work indicated that flavonoids produced by C.globosum CGMCC 6882 could not only effectively reduce the body weight of mice, but also increase the diversity, abundance and SCFAs contents of gut microbiota of mice.
Flavonoids produced by C.globosum CGMCC 6882 was used to detect the effects on mice gut microbiota via analyzing the growth profile, body weight, serum indexes, gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Results showed that after 21 days feeding, body weight gain of mice in control group was 9.5 g and the body weight gain in experimental group was 7.2 g, and there was no significant change in serum biochemical indexes. Compared to control group, Ace, Chao1 and Shannon indexes and OTU number in flavonoids group increased with the extension of feeding time, but Simpson index decreased. In addition, the values of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) in control were higher than 0.74, while the F/B values of flavonoids group were lower than 0.41. Furthermore, acetate, propionate, butyrate and total short chain fatty acids in the cecum contents of flavonoids group mice increased from 22.1 μmol/g, 9.3 μmol/g, 8.1 μmol/g and 39.5 μmol/g to 29.3 μmol/g, 15.2 μmol/g, 9.5 μmol/g and 54.0 μmol/g, respectively. This work indicated that flavonoids produced by C.globosum CGMCC 6882 could not only effectively reduce the body weight of mice, but also increase the diversity, abundance and SCFAs contents of gut microbiota of mice.
2022, 37(6)
:42-49.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.006
Abstract:
The ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of the extract towards xanthine oxidase (XOD) Rosa roxburghii Tratt was investigated in vitro. The potential active components and mechanism were investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The result showed phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were the main components in the ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, among which kajiichigoside 2 and (-) catechin were the most abundant components, accounting for 19.64% and 8.83% of dry matter, respectively. The ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt had a good inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase with IC50 value of 8.17 μg/mL. Among the components with higher content of ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, (-) catechin has higher docking activity. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that it could interact with multiple amino acid residues of XOD by van der Waals force and hydrogen bond, forming conformational stable complexes and inhibiting the active site of XOD.
The ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of the extract towards xanthine oxidase (XOD) Rosa roxburghii Tratt was investigated in vitro. The potential active components and mechanism were investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The result showed phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were the main components in the ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, among which kajiichigoside 2 and (-) catechin were the most abundant components, accounting for 19.64% and 8.83% of dry matter, respectively. The ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt had a good inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase with IC50 value of 8.17 μg/mL. Among the components with higher content of ethanol extract of Rosa roxburghii Tratt, (-) catechin has higher docking activity. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that it could interact with multiple amino acid residues of XOD by van der Waals force and hydrogen bond, forming conformational stable complexes and inhibiting the active site of XOD.
2022, 37(6)
:50-57.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.007
Abstract:
In this study, the co-culture system of Caco-2 and HaCaT cells was established, and the inhibitory effect of punicalagin on cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers (CPD) which was one major type of UVB-induced DNA lesions was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Then the effects of punicalagin on transcription and expression levels of nucleotide excision repair (NER) related genes was further investigated by quantitative real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation and western-blotting. The results showed that punicalagin reduced CPD level in HaCaT cells, upregulated xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) mRNA level and attenuated XPA acetylation in a SIRT1-dependent manner. This showed, punicalagin's efficacy against UVB-induced photodamage in the co-culture system of Caco-2 and HaCaT cells was probably activated by the NER related XPC/XPA which depended on the deacetylation activity of SIRT1.
In this study, the co-culture system of Caco-2 and HaCaT cells was established, and the inhibitory effect of punicalagin on cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers (CPD) which was one major type of UVB-induced DNA lesions was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Then the effects of punicalagin on transcription and expression levels of nucleotide excision repair (NER) related genes was further investigated by quantitative real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation and western-blotting. The results showed that punicalagin reduced CPD level in HaCaT cells, upregulated xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) mRNA level and attenuated XPA acetylation in a SIRT1-dependent manner. This showed, punicalagin's efficacy against UVB-induced photodamage in the co-culture system of Caco-2 and HaCaT cells was probably activated by the NER related XPC/XPA which depended on the deacetylation activity of SIRT1.
2022, 37(6)
:58-67.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.008
Abstract:
Green tea dust was used as raw material in this study. The polyphenols in the green tea dust were extracted by a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶20 g/mL, extraction temperature of 85 ℃, ethanol concentration of 60% and extraction time of 60 min, and solvents with different polar were employed to extract and separate and the bioactive components in the green tea dust into 4 fractions. The mass concentration of total phenols contained in the different fractions was determined, and the bioactivates of different fractions were evaluated through free radical scavenging assay, and their inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and α-amylase were also studied. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracted fraction had the highest total polyphenol content (15.66 mg/mL) and the strongest bioactivities among all the fractions. Its IC50 for the free radical scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS were 0.05 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively, and inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and α-amylase were IC50 0.89 mg/mL and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. The polyphenols in the ethyl acetate extracted phase were further characterized and quantified by HPLC and MS. A total of 15 polyphenolic compounds were identified by MS and was first identified of phlorizin(5.44 mg/g) in green tea dust. Quantitative analysis of the compounds with high contents by HPLC revealed that epigallocatechin, catechin and chlorogenic acid were present at high contents of 72.03 mg/g, 48.62 mg/g and 41.58 mg/g respectively.
Green tea dust was used as raw material in this study. The polyphenols in the green tea dust were extracted by a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶20 g/mL, extraction temperature of 85 ℃, ethanol concentration of 60% and extraction time of 60 min, and solvents with different polar were employed to extract and separate and the bioactive components in the green tea dust into 4 fractions. The mass concentration of total phenols contained in the different fractions was determined, and the bioactivates of different fractions were evaluated through free radical scavenging assay, and their inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and α-amylase were also studied. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracted fraction had the highest total polyphenol content (15.66 mg/mL) and the strongest bioactivities among all the fractions. Its IC50 for the free radical scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS were 0.05 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively, and inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and α-amylase were IC50 0.89 mg/mL and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. The polyphenols in the ethyl acetate extracted phase were further characterized and quantified by HPLC and MS. A total of 15 polyphenolic compounds were identified by MS and was first identified of phlorizin(5.44 mg/g) in green tea dust. Quantitative analysis of the compounds with high contents by HPLC revealed that epigallocatechin, catechin and chlorogenic acid were present at high contents of 72.03 mg/g, 48.62 mg/g and 41.58 mg/g respectively.
2022, 37(6)
:68-77.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.009
Abstract:
The structure of amylose-lycopene complexes (ALCs) was characterized, and the changes of lycopene retention and antioxidant activity in ALCs treated with N2 or O2 were studied, and the kinetic model of lycopene degradation was further developed. Results showed that lycopene encapsulated by amylose formed a V-type helix structure, and the molecular chain winding of lycopene and amylose increased the double helix content of ALCs. The content and antioxidant activity of lycopene in ALCs treated with N2 were higher than those treated with O2, and the degradation was slower. After 24 h treatment in N2, the retention rate of lycopene and the clearance rate of DPPH in ALCs were (85.17±0.42)% and (35.74±0.01)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (59.74±0.06)% and (17.20±0.01)% (P < 0.01). After 24 h treatment in O2, the retention rate of lycopene and the clearance rate of DPPH in ALCs were (77.09±0.90)% and (33.24±0.03)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of lycopene standard (50.32±0.42)% and (16.32±0.09)% in the control group. Under the condition of N2 and O2 treatment, the degradation of lycopene in ALCs conformed to the second-order kinetic model, the degradation rate constants were 6.0×10-4 μg/(mL·h) and 8.0×10-4 μg/(mL·h), respectively, and the lifetimes of T1/2 was 115.92 h and 86.94 h, respectively, and the T9/10 was 17.57 h and 13.18 h, respectively, which were significantly better than those in the control group. Therefore, the ALCs was effective in enhance lycopene stability, and better maintained the content and antioxidant activity of the lycopene.
The structure of amylose-lycopene complexes (ALCs) was characterized, and the changes of lycopene retention and antioxidant activity in ALCs treated with N2 or O2 were studied, and the kinetic model of lycopene degradation was further developed. Results showed that lycopene encapsulated by amylose formed a V-type helix structure, and the molecular chain winding of lycopene and amylose increased the double helix content of ALCs. The content and antioxidant activity of lycopene in ALCs treated with N2 were higher than those treated with O2, and the degradation was slower. After 24 h treatment in N2, the retention rate of lycopene and the clearance rate of DPPH in ALCs were (85.17±0.42)% and (35.74±0.01)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (59.74±0.06)% and (17.20±0.01)% (P < 0.01). After 24 h treatment in O2, the retention rate of lycopene and the clearance rate of DPPH in ALCs were (77.09±0.90)% and (33.24±0.03)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of lycopene standard (50.32±0.42)% and (16.32±0.09)% in the control group. Under the condition of N2 and O2 treatment, the degradation of lycopene in ALCs conformed to the second-order kinetic model, the degradation rate constants were 6.0×10-4 μg/(mL·h) and 8.0×10-4 μg/(mL·h), respectively, and the lifetimes of T1/2 was 115.92 h and 86.94 h, respectively, and the T9/10 was 17.57 h and 13.18 h, respectively, which were significantly better than those in the control group. Therefore, the ALCs was effective in enhance lycopene stability, and better maintained the content and antioxidant activity of the lycopene.
2022, 37(6)
:78-84.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.010
Abstract:
In order to solve the harmonic suppression failure and harmonic surge in workshop distribution system caused by the fault of Active Power Filter (APF) bridge arm, a model predictive fault-tolerant control strategy was proposed. By analyzing the working principle of APF fault-tolerant transformation topology, the relationship of voltage vector transformation after fault-tolerant was revealed, and the prediction model of harmonic compensation current was established. A fast harmonic detection method based on the second-order generalized integral orthogonal generator (SOGI) was designed, and the harmonic compensation current output by SOGI was used as the reference instruction of the predictive control. According to the current predictive model and the reference instruction, in the rhombus voltage vector set of the fault tolerant APF, the switching state satisfying the minimum cost function was selected to carry out model predictive control and harmonic compensation. Experiments results verifed that, in the condition of the bridge arm fault, the proposed control strategy could work continuously and suppress harmonic current. The total harmonic distortion(THD) of the power distribution line is reduced from 9.91% to 4.87%, which verified that the proposed method can improve the reliability and fault tolerant capability of APF equipment in the cigarette factory.
In order to solve the harmonic suppression failure and harmonic surge in workshop distribution system caused by the fault of Active Power Filter (APF) bridge arm, a model predictive fault-tolerant control strategy was proposed. By analyzing the working principle of APF fault-tolerant transformation topology, the relationship of voltage vector transformation after fault-tolerant was revealed, and the prediction model of harmonic compensation current was established. A fast harmonic detection method based on the second-order generalized integral orthogonal generator (SOGI) was designed, and the harmonic compensation current output by SOGI was used as the reference instruction of the predictive control. According to the current predictive model and the reference instruction, in the rhombus voltage vector set of the fault tolerant APF, the switching state satisfying the minimum cost function was selected to carry out model predictive control and harmonic compensation. Experiments results verifed that, in the condition of the bridge arm fault, the proposed control strategy could work continuously and suppress harmonic current. The total harmonic distortion(THD) of the power distribution line is reduced from 9.91% to 4.87%, which verified that the proposed method can improve the reliability and fault tolerant capability of APF equipment in the cigarette factory.
2022, 37(6)
:85-91,100.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.011
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of on-line detection of cylinder wall temperature in the drying process of tobacco dryer, this paper proposed a novel method named deep gated recurrent unit(DGRU)network to predict cylinder wall temperature. In order to improve sample quality, data preprocessing technologies including wavelet denoising and normalization were utilized. Then, mutual information was used to determine the optimal features as model input, which had the largest correlation with the cylinder wall temperature. Next, stacked gate recurrent unit network was introduced to extract the deep hidden nonlinear dynamic representation from thermal data, and then sent into a fully connect network to estimate the cylinder wall temperature. Finally, based on the industrial data of dryer drying process in a tobacco factory, the experiment results showed that the median and mean value of prediction error by DGRU algorithm was very close to the zero scale line,and caused few abnormal points. The method exhibited higher prediction accuracy, and could accurately predict the cylinder wall temperature.
Aiming at the problem of on-line detection of cylinder wall temperature in the drying process of tobacco dryer, this paper proposed a novel method named deep gated recurrent unit(DGRU)network to predict cylinder wall temperature. In order to improve sample quality, data preprocessing technologies including wavelet denoising and normalization were utilized. Then, mutual information was used to determine the optimal features as model input, which had the largest correlation with the cylinder wall temperature. Next, stacked gate recurrent unit network was introduced to extract the deep hidden nonlinear dynamic representation from thermal data, and then sent into a fully connect network to estimate the cylinder wall temperature. Finally, based on the industrial data of dryer drying process in a tobacco factory, the experiment results showed that the median and mean value of prediction error by DGRU algorithm was very close to the zero scale line,and caused few abnormal points. The method exhibited higher prediction accuracy, and could accurately predict the cylinder wall temperature.
2022, 37(6)
:92-100.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.012
Abstract:
Aimed at the problems that the multi-workstation revolver of ultra high-speed packaging machine had high motion inertia impact and high structure dynamic characteristics under the condition of large dead weight, ultra high-speed rotation and complex multi-workstation load. The paper analyzed the working load and constraint condition of multi-workstation revolver under rated working condition, and the finite element analysis model was constructed by using ANSYS Workbench platform, and the optimal topology optimization material distribution characteristics of multi-workstation revolver in the design domain was calculated with topology optimization technology, and based on the topology optimization density map and 3D model, two optimized schemes were constructed by the structure scheme of gradient ring band and stiffener and the structure scheme of gradient arc groove and weight reduction hole respectively with symmetric structure. The results showed that the structure scheme of gradient ring band and stiffener is optimal, which can be meet the static and structural natural frequency requirements under proper working load at the same time,compared with the prototype design,the quality of the optimal structure scheme is reduced by 16.33%, and the maximum equivalent stress of the optimal structure scheme is reduced by 11.25%, and the dynamic specific stiffness efficiency of the optimal structure scheme is increased by 4.14%.
Aimed at the problems that the multi-workstation revolver of ultra high-speed packaging machine had high motion inertia impact and high structure dynamic characteristics under the condition of large dead weight, ultra high-speed rotation and complex multi-workstation load. The paper analyzed the working load and constraint condition of multi-workstation revolver under rated working condition, and the finite element analysis model was constructed by using ANSYS Workbench platform, and the optimal topology optimization material distribution characteristics of multi-workstation revolver in the design domain was calculated with topology optimization technology, and based on the topology optimization density map and 3D model, two optimized schemes were constructed by the structure scheme of gradient ring band and stiffener and the structure scheme of gradient arc groove and weight reduction hole respectively with symmetric structure. The results showed that the structure scheme of gradient ring band and stiffener is optimal, which can be meet the static and structural natural frequency requirements under proper working load at the same time,compared with the prototype design,the quality of the optimal structure scheme is reduced by 16.33%, and the maximum equivalent stress of the optimal structure scheme is reduced by 11.25%, and the dynamic specific stiffness efficiency of the optimal structure scheme is increased by 4.14%.
2022, 37(6)
:101-109.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.013
Abstract:
According to Method 202 proposed by EPA in 2017 and HJ 836-2017 issued by Environmental Protection Department of China, devices of TPM was designed and utilized with which samples of FPM and CPM could be collected simultaneously. FPM, CPM, water soluble ions and elements analysis of CPM in flue gas emitted by three coal-fired power plants named A, B and C were monitored. CFD was used to simulate the diffusion trajectory of PM2.5 formed by CPM emission from fixed sources in stationary weather. The statistical results showed that mass concentrations of TPM emitted by plant A, B and C was 8.63±3.11 mg/m3, 19.05±8.85 mg/m3 and 5.07±1.59 mg/m3, respectively. It was proved that CPM was 90% of TPM and FPM was low mass concentration. Inorganic CPM was dominant in CPM, SO42-, NH4+, Na+ and other water-soluble ions were important components, and the emission of metal elements especially heavy metal should not be neglected. CFD was used to simulate the diffusion trajectory of PM2.5 formed by CPM emission from fixed sources in stationary weather. It was proved that CPM could accumulate below atmospheric boundary layer under meteorological conditions that were not conductive to the diffusion of pollutants, causing PM2.5 accumulation in a short period of time, which was an important factor in the formation of heavy pollutant weather.
According to Method 202 proposed by EPA in 2017 and HJ 836-2017 issued by Environmental Protection Department of China, devices of TPM was designed and utilized with which samples of FPM and CPM could be collected simultaneously. FPM, CPM, water soluble ions and elements analysis of CPM in flue gas emitted by three coal-fired power plants named A, B and C were monitored. CFD was used to simulate the diffusion trajectory of PM2.5 formed by CPM emission from fixed sources in stationary weather. The statistical results showed that mass concentrations of TPM emitted by plant A, B and C was 8.63±3.11 mg/m3, 19.05±8.85 mg/m3 and 5.07±1.59 mg/m3, respectively. It was proved that CPM was 90% of TPM and FPM was low mass concentration. Inorganic CPM was dominant in CPM, SO42-, NH4+, Na+ and other water-soluble ions were important components, and the emission of metal elements especially heavy metal should not be neglected. CFD was used to simulate the diffusion trajectory of PM2.5 formed by CPM emission from fixed sources in stationary weather. It was proved that CPM could accumulate below atmospheric boundary layer under meteorological conditions that were not conductive to the diffusion of pollutants, causing PM2.5 accumulation in a short period of time, which was an important factor in the formation of heavy pollutant weather.
2022, 37(6)
:110-118.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.014
Abstract:
Quorum quench enzyme-Acyl-Homoserine-Lactones (AHLs) acyltransferase was added to the stable MBR-CANON process, the nitrogen removal performance, sludge property, key enzymes' activity and microbial community were tracked and analyzed. The results showed that the addition of AHLs acyltransferase significantly suppressed the nitrogen removal ability. The AHLs acyltransferase in 0.5 mg/L obviously decreased the ammonia removal efficiency from 83.7% to 57.0%, and the total nitrogen removal efficiency from 65.9% to 43.6%. The extracellular polymeric substance in the sludge attaching to the membrane surface was also decreased by the AHLs acyltransferase, which was beneficial to alleviate the membrane fouling. Additionally, the activity of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, ammonia monooxygenase, and nitrite reductase all significantly decreased with the addition of AHLs acyltransferase. The inhibition of AHLS acyltranferase on the activity of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was greater than that on the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB), but the effect on their relative abundances was opposite. The suppression on AAOB was mainly attributed to the lack of substrate.
Quorum quench enzyme-Acyl-Homoserine-Lactones (AHLs) acyltransferase was added to the stable MBR-CANON process, the nitrogen removal performance, sludge property, key enzymes' activity and microbial community were tracked and analyzed. The results showed that the addition of AHLs acyltransferase significantly suppressed the nitrogen removal ability. The AHLs acyltransferase in 0.5 mg/L obviously decreased the ammonia removal efficiency from 83.7% to 57.0%, and the total nitrogen removal efficiency from 65.9% to 43.6%. The extracellular polymeric substance in the sludge attaching to the membrane surface was also decreased by the AHLs acyltransferase, which was beneficial to alleviate the membrane fouling. Additionally, the activity of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, ammonia monooxygenase, and nitrite reductase all significantly decreased with the addition of AHLs acyltransferase. The inhibition of AHLS acyltranferase on the activity of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was greater than that on the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB), but the effect on their relative abundances was opposite. The suppression on AAOB was mainly attributed to the lack of substrate.
2022, 37(6)
:119-126.
doi: 10.12187/2022.06.015
Abstract:
As to the issue that the quality and market application of waste tires derived pyrolytic carbon derived from waste tires directly affect the economy of the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis techndogy, main influencing factors and recycle utilization of pyrolytic carbon were reviewed. It was found that the pyrolysis of waste was a complex process, which was mainly affected by pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, operating pressure and rection time. The rate of carbon content of pyrolytic carbon of more than 80%. It has been widely used in the preparation of active carbon, the rubber reinforcing agent, the asphalt modifier, the battery and ink materials, etc. In the future, the pyrolysis system of waste tires should be further optimized, and the pyrolysis mechanism and kinetics process should be further studied to realize the precise control of the pyrolysis. Meanwhile, the integrated technology integratingwaste tires pretreatment, pyrolysis and pyrolytic carbon deep processing should be developed to further improve the quality of pyrolytic carbon and broaden its applications, finally realizing the efficient utilization of pyrolytic carbon.
As to the issue that the quality and market application of waste tires derived pyrolytic carbon derived from waste tires directly affect the economy of the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis techndogy, main influencing factors and recycle utilization of pyrolytic carbon were reviewed. It was found that the pyrolysis of waste was a complex process, which was mainly affected by pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, operating pressure and rection time. The rate of carbon content of pyrolytic carbon of more than 80%. It has been widely used in the preparation of active carbon, the rubber reinforcing agent, the asphalt modifier, the battery and ink materials, etc. In the future, the pyrolysis system of waste tires should be further optimized, and the pyrolysis mechanism and kinetics process should be further studied to realize the precise control of the pyrolysis. Meanwhile, the integrated technology integratingwaste tires pretreatment, pyrolysis and pyrolytic carbon deep processing should be developed to further improve the quality of pyrolytic carbon and broaden its applications, finally realizing the efficient utilization of pyrolytic carbon.
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