2016 Vol. 31, No. 6
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2016, 31(6)
:1-7.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.001
Abstract:
The research status of the diversity of chickpea in different regions and the conservation of symbiotic genes of chickpea rhizobia were summarized.It is concluded that M. ciceri and M. mediterraneum were typical and the most prevalent species in the world while,only M. muleiense was found in China. Also species with symbiovar ciceri were found from M. amorphae, M. tianshanense, M. oportunistum, M. loti and M. huakuii; in addition,strains from the genus of Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium were found to nodulate with chickpea. At last symbiotic genes from chickpea rhizobia was introduced.It was found that they had high similarities of symbiotic genes (nodC and nifH),which demonstrated the host specificity of chickpea rhizobia. The research of chickpea rhizobia of symbiotic rhizobium in more regions in the world and the establishment of symbiosis system of chickpea rhizobia and its planting in large scale will be the research trend of chickpea rhizobia.
The research status of the diversity of chickpea in different regions and the conservation of symbiotic genes of chickpea rhizobia were summarized.It is concluded that M. ciceri and M. mediterraneum were typical and the most prevalent species in the world while,only M. muleiense was found in China. Also species with symbiovar ciceri were found from M. amorphae, M. tianshanense, M. oportunistum, M. loti and M. huakuii; in addition,strains from the genus of Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium were found to nodulate with chickpea. At last symbiotic genes from chickpea rhizobia was introduced.It was found that they had high similarities of symbiotic genes (nodC and nifH),which demonstrated the host specificity of chickpea rhizobia. The research of chickpea rhizobia of symbiotic rhizobium in more regions in the world and the establishment of symbiosis system of chickpea rhizobia and its planting in large scale will be the research trend of chickpea rhizobia.
2016, 31(6)
:8-15.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.002
Abstract:
Saliva stench in different incubation times was measured by electronic nose. The optimal detection time, characteristic parameter area and main sensors were obtained through the measurement data analyzed by SPSS, PCA, LDA and Loadings analysis combined with radar map characteristic analysis. The results showed that each sensor was sufficiently distinguished in vicinity 5 s of maximum, and thus used as feature extraction parameters. When the incubation time was 12 h, each sensor had a significant difference, so 12 h was used as detection time. There was a significant difference(P<0.05) between electronic nose sensors R6 (W1S), R7 (W1W) and R9 (W2W) response to oral odor gas and other sensor in incubating 12 h and correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9. The three sensors played a major role in the expression of halitosis. And it manifested that the saliva stench gases were volatile sulphur and methyl compounds.
Saliva stench in different incubation times was measured by electronic nose. The optimal detection time, characteristic parameter area and main sensors were obtained through the measurement data analyzed by SPSS, PCA, LDA and Loadings analysis combined with radar map characteristic analysis. The results showed that each sensor was sufficiently distinguished in vicinity 5 s of maximum, and thus used as feature extraction parameters. When the incubation time was 12 h, each sensor had a significant difference, so 12 h was used as detection time. There was a significant difference(P<0.05) between electronic nose sensors R6 (W1S), R7 (W1W) and R9 (W2W) response to oral odor gas and other sensor in incubating 12 h and correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9. The three sensors played a major role in the expression of halitosis. And it manifested that the saliva stench gases were volatile sulphur and methyl compounds.
2016, 31(6)
:16-23.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.003
Abstract:
Amylose-n-decanol complex was prepared by solvent method with B-type crystallite potato to amylose and n-decanol as raw material. The effects on complex synthesis process by the three factors of ethanol concentration, the ratio of quality and volume of amylose to n-decanol, crystallization temperature were discussed.The quadratic polynominal model was established.On the basis of single factor test, the optimum complex synthesis process was obtained through Box-Behnken experimental design. The results showed that the optimum complex synthesis process of amylose and n-decanol was additive amount of ethanol concentration 7.80%,the ratio of quality and volume of amylose to n-decanol (g:L) 10:2.6, crystallization temperature 55℃.The degree of crystallization of amylose-n-decanol complex forecasted will be to 63.25%.Under this condition, the products crystallinity on average achieved from verification test is 62.97%,and the model reliabitily is good.
Amylose-n-decanol complex was prepared by solvent method with B-type crystallite potato to amylose and n-decanol as raw material. The effects on complex synthesis process by the three factors of ethanol concentration, the ratio of quality and volume of amylose to n-decanol, crystallization temperature were discussed.The quadratic polynominal model was established.On the basis of single factor test, the optimum complex synthesis process was obtained through Box-Behnken experimental design. The results showed that the optimum complex synthesis process of amylose and n-decanol was additive amount of ethanol concentration 7.80%,the ratio of quality and volume of amylose to n-decanol (g:L) 10:2.6, crystallization temperature 55℃.The degree of crystallization of amylose-n-decanol complex forecasted will be to 63.25%.Under this condition, the products crystallinity on average achieved from verification test is 62.97%,and the model reliabitily is good.
2016, 31(6)
:24-30.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.004
Abstract:
The adsorption isotherms of dried products of Benincasa hispida at six temperatures (10℃,20℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃ and 60℃) over a range of water activities from 0.109 to 0.982 were determined based on the adsorption theory. The experimental data of dried products of Benincasa hispida were fitted by seven models. The optimal model used to describe the adsorption isotherms of dried products of Benincasa hispida was determined by comparing the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and the residual sum of squares (RSS). The net isosteric heat was determined from adsorption isotherms data of dried products of Benincasa hispida at different temperatures. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms of dried products of Benincasa hispida exhibited type Ⅲ sigmoid shape. At the same water activity, as the temperature increased with the decrease of the equilibrium moisture content. The Peleg model was found to be the best for describing the adsorption isotherms of the dried products of Benincasa hispida. The net isosteric heat of adsorption decreased with the increase of equilibrium moisture constant, and approached to zero at high moisture content (about 50%).
The adsorption isotherms of dried products of Benincasa hispida at six temperatures (10℃,20℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃ and 60℃) over a range of water activities from 0.109 to 0.982 were determined based on the adsorption theory. The experimental data of dried products of Benincasa hispida were fitted by seven models. The optimal model used to describe the adsorption isotherms of dried products of Benincasa hispida was determined by comparing the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and the residual sum of squares (RSS). The net isosteric heat was determined from adsorption isotherms data of dried products of Benincasa hispida at different temperatures. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms of dried products of Benincasa hispida exhibited type Ⅲ sigmoid shape. At the same water activity, as the temperature increased with the decrease of the equilibrium moisture content. The Peleg model was found to be the best for describing the adsorption isotherms of the dried products of Benincasa hispida. The net isosteric heat of adsorption decreased with the increase of equilibrium moisture constant, and approached to zero at high moisture content (about 50%).
2016, 31(6)
:31-37.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.005
Abstract:
Enzymatic preparation conditions of Lycium barbarum bioactive peptides which were derived from hydrolyzation by compound of neutral protease and papain were studied. And then enzymatic hydrolysate was purified by ion-exchange column chromatography and gel filtration chromatography in order to prepare antioxidative bioactive peptides. Based on the DPPH· radical scavenging rate, the preparation method was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal temperature, composite enzyme quality ratio, time and pH were 51℃,1:2.65, 4.3 h and 7.0, which resulted in a DPPH· radical scavenging rate of (23.32±0.47)%. Then the enzymatic hydrolysate flowed through anion-exchange chromatography and sephdex G-25 gel chromatography in order to get purified polypeptide. Component A-1 was acquired which had the DPPH· and OH· removal rate of (72.65±1.84)% and (58.72±1.88)% respectively. DPPH·, ABTS+· and OH· radical scavenging activity of protein peptide A-1 increased with the increase of concentration.
Enzymatic preparation conditions of Lycium barbarum bioactive peptides which were derived from hydrolyzation by compound of neutral protease and papain were studied. And then enzymatic hydrolysate was purified by ion-exchange column chromatography and gel filtration chromatography in order to prepare antioxidative bioactive peptides. Based on the DPPH· radical scavenging rate, the preparation method was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal temperature, composite enzyme quality ratio, time and pH were 51℃,1:2.65, 4.3 h and 7.0, which resulted in a DPPH· radical scavenging rate of (23.32±0.47)%. Then the enzymatic hydrolysate flowed through anion-exchange chromatography and sephdex G-25 gel chromatography in order to get purified polypeptide. Component A-1 was acquired which had the DPPH· and OH· removal rate of (72.65±1.84)% and (58.72±1.88)% respectively. DPPH·, ABTS+· and OH· radical scavenging activity of protein peptide A-1 increased with the increase of concentration.
2016, 31(6)
:38-44.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.006
Abstract:
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of reconstituted tobacco, three different drying modes were researched including airflow drying, drum drying and tunnel drying.The experiment results showed that:The mode of drum drying was better than airflow drying and tunnel drying in control stability of samples moisture. The padding values of reconstituted tobacco after airflow drying was the highest when comparing with the other two drying modes. The tobacco damage ratio of airflow drying was about the same as drum drying and both of them were higher than tunnel drying. The reconstituted tobacco after airflow drying had lower releasing amount of tar, nicotine and CO in mainstream cigarette smoke compared with the other two drying modes. The sensory quality was improved after drying process, and drying modes were sorted in order as follows:airflow drying, drum drying, and tunnel drying and all of them were better than incoming material sample.
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of reconstituted tobacco, three different drying modes were researched including airflow drying, drum drying and tunnel drying.The experiment results showed that:The mode of drum drying was better than airflow drying and tunnel drying in control stability of samples moisture. The padding values of reconstituted tobacco after airflow drying was the highest when comparing with the other two drying modes. The tobacco damage ratio of airflow drying was about the same as drum drying and both of them were higher than tunnel drying. The reconstituted tobacco after airflow drying had lower releasing amount of tar, nicotine and CO in mainstream cigarette smoke compared with the other two drying modes. The sensory quality was improved after drying process, and drying modes were sorted in order as follows:airflow drying, drum drying, and tunnel drying and all of them were better than incoming material sample.
2016, 31(6)
:45-53.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.007
Abstract:
With typical mellowing storage in Xingyi,Guiyang and Guiding as samples, the variation of relative moisture content in the process of mellowing and pH of tobacco strips of upper and middle leaves from six raw material base was analyzed to improve the quality of tobacco strips mellowing and reduce the cost of storage.Results showed that, 1) Environmental temperature and air humidity had a large impact on tobacco mellowing storage,the higher annual average monthly temperature and humidity of mellowing storage could increase the speed of tobacco natural aging and reduce the time of tobacco natural mellowing. 2) The different aroma type of tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage with relative moisture content variation range had significant difference(P<0.05),relative water content variation range in strong flavor type and clean flavor type of tobacco in different storage areas were significantly greater than relative water content variation range in local production and storage. 3) During mellowing, the different aroma type of tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage with pH value continued to decline, showed that alkaline material reduced and acid material increased after mellowing, pH value in the Xingyi mellowing storage of clean flavor type and middle flavor type tobacco strips declined more than tobacco strips of the Guiyang mellowing storage and Guiding mellowing storage, but pH value decline of strong flavor type tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage showed no significant difference.
With typical mellowing storage in Xingyi,Guiyang and Guiding as samples, the variation of relative moisture content in the process of mellowing and pH of tobacco strips of upper and middle leaves from six raw material base was analyzed to improve the quality of tobacco strips mellowing and reduce the cost of storage.Results showed that, 1) Environmental temperature and air humidity had a large impact on tobacco mellowing storage,the higher annual average monthly temperature and humidity of mellowing storage could increase the speed of tobacco natural aging and reduce the time of tobacco natural mellowing. 2) The different aroma type of tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage with relative moisture content variation range had significant difference(P<0.05),relative water content variation range in strong flavor type and clean flavor type of tobacco in different storage areas were significantly greater than relative water content variation range in local production and storage. 3) During mellowing, the different aroma type of tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage with pH value continued to decline, showed that alkaline material reduced and acid material increased after mellowing, pH value in the Xingyi mellowing storage of clean flavor type and middle flavor type tobacco strips declined more than tobacco strips of the Guiyang mellowing storage and Guiding mellowing storage, but pH value decline of strong flavor type tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage showed no significant difference.
2016, 31(6)
:54-61.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.008
Abstract:
Based on the reaction mechanism of DNA strand displacement, by cascade reaction,the dynamic link between input signal and output signal was realized and logic circuit of multi-digit full subtractor was constructed.Then digital logic circuit of multi-digit full subtractor is transformed into the corresponding logic double-rails circuit and biochemical circuit.Finally,the circuit was simulated in the visual DSD.The results further demonstrated that multi-digit full subtractor correctly expressed the state of logic "0" and logic "1".DNA strand displacement was an effective research method for the biological logic circuit.
Based on the reaction mechanism of DNA strand displacement, by cascade reaction,the dynamic link between input signal and output signal was realized and logic circuit of multi-digit full subtractor was constructed.Then digital logic circuit of multi-digit full subtractor is transformed into the corresponding logic double-rails circuit and biochemical circuit.Finally,the circuit was simulated in the visual DSD.The results further demonstrated that multi-digit full subtractor correctly expressed the state of logic "0" and logic "1".DNA strand displacement was an effective research method for the biological logic circuit.
2016, 31(6)
:62-68.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.009
Abstract:
The principles of the DNA self-assembly,the design of the DNA coding sequence,DNA essential assemble units, and the construction of the DNA self-assembly system have been reviewed.The construction of the DNA self-assembly system is a difficult problem in this field.Three aspects will be focused in future research:first,based on thermodynamic and physico-chemical properties of DNA,DNA essential assemble units and DNA self-assembly system will be constructed;second,high-throughput empirical data of DNA self-assembly will be integrated and mined,the model of the DNA self-assembly system will be designed according to data-driven;at last,the controllability,adaptability and applicability of drug delivery system DNA self-assembly will be analyzed.
The principles of the DNA self-assembly,the design of the DNA coding sequence,DNA essential assemble units, and the construction of the DNA self-assembly system have been reviewed.The construction of the DNA self-assembly system is a difficult problem in this field.Three aspects will be focused in future research:first,based on thermodynamic and physico-chemical properties of DNA,DNA essential assemble units and DNA self-assembly system will be constructed;second,high-throughput empirical data of DNA self-assembly will be integrated and mined,the model of the DNA self-assembly system will be designed according to data-driven;at last,the controllability,adaptability and applicability of drug delivery system DNA self-assembly will be analyzed.
2016, 31(6)
:69-73.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.010
Abstract:
The transient temperature computational model of the change of food temperature was set up. With the established model the influence rule of various heat transfer modes such as conduction, radiation and convection on the temperature of food in different storage conditions was analyzed. The results showed that the temperature distribution of each position of the display cabinet was different. The results showed that the temperature near the air curtain air supply outlet was the lowest and the temperature on the bottom of the front position was the highest. Secondly, the effects of different heat transfer modes on food temperature were different, and the weight size was conduction > radiation > convection. So strengthening the heat conduction ability of the shelf could rapidly reduce the food temperature. Thirdly, the cooling time at different locations was different, and the location near the air curtain air supply output of the fastest temperature decline could be used to place easily spoiled food. This model can be used to predict the cooling rule of food package and provide reference for the best food cold storage.
The transient temperature computational model of the change of food temperature was set up. With the established model the influence rule of various heat transfer modes such as conduction, radiation and convection on the temperature of food in different storage conditions was analyzed. The results showed that the temperature distribution of each position of the display cabinet was different. The results showed that the temperature near the air curtain air supply outlet was the lowest and the temperature on the bottom of the front position was the highest. Secondly, the effects of different heat transfer modes on food temperature were different, and the weight size was conduction > radiation > convection. So strengthening the heat conduction ability of the shelf could rapidly reduce the food temperature. Thirdly, the cooling time at different locations was different, and the location near the air curtain air supply output of the fastest temperature decline could be used to place easily spoiled food. This model can be used to predict the cooling rule of food package and provide reference for the best food cold storage.
2016, 31(6)
:74-79.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.011
Abstract:
At present, condensate water from household air conditioner wasn't utilized. According to the theory that condensate water recycled can decrease the temperature of condensate water,ultrasonic atomizing condensate water device was designed and applied in household air conditioning system for experinental study.The experimental results showed that the average yield of condensate water was 1 kg/h, the cooling capacity of the air conditioner with ultrasonic atomizer increased by 1.4%,2.6% and 2.3%, the input power of air conditioner reduced by 12.4 W,14.6 W and 23 W, the COP of air conditioner with ultrasonic atomizer increased by 3.9%,4.9% and 5.5% in the minimum cooling operation condition, the rated cooling operation condition and the maximum cooling operation condition, the condensing temperature of the condenser reduced by 2.58℃, 2.42℃ and 2.83℃.The heat transfer performance of condenser was promoted very well, and the energy conservation effect of condensate water cooling condenser was verified.
At present, condensate water from household air conditioner wasn't utilized. According to the theory that condensate water recycled can decrease the temperature of condensate water,ultrasonic atomizing condensate water device was designed and applied in household air conditioning system for experinental study.The experimental results showed that the average yield of condensate water was 1 kg/h, the cooling capacity of the air conditioner with ultrasonic atomizer increased by 1.4%,2.6% and 2.3%, the input power of air conditioner reduced by 12.4 W,14.6 W and 23 W, the COP of air conditioner with ultrasonic atomizer increased by 3.9%,4.9% and 5.5% in the minimum cooling operation condition, the rated cooling operation condition and the maximum cooling operation condition, the condensing temperature of the condenser reduced by 2.58℃, 2.42℃ and 2.83℃.The heat transfer performance of condenser was promoted very well, and the energy conservation effect of condensate water cooling condenser was verified.
2016, 31(6)
:80-88.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.012
Abstract:
In order to improve the cooling capacity of radiant cooling plate and the performance of the plate surface condensation,different water temperature, tube velocity and indoor relative humidity conditions were used as experimental study variables with the method of visual research on the established radiant cooling condensation system and the test platform of the change of thermal performance. The results showed that when the water flow rate increases from 40 L/h to 120 L/h,the cooling capacity increased nearly doubled and condensation time was reduced by 15 min; The indoor temperature and humidity was 26℃,75%,the first condensation time was 8 min;the cooling capacity of copper plate was stronger compared with PPR capillary tube radiation model;The state of dew condensation on the surface of the radiation plate was more disorganized with lower water temperature and amount of condensation.When the indoor temperature and humidity was 26℃,60%,the maximum size of water drops the length was 9.6 mm,the width was 8.8 mm on the surface of the radiant panel.
In order to improve the cooling capacity of radiant cooling plate and the performance of the plate surface condensation,different water temperature, tube velocity and indoor relative humidity conditions were used as experimental study variables with the method of visual research on the established radiant cooling condensation system and the test platform of the change of thermal performance. The results showed that when the water flow rate increases from 40 L/h to 120 L/h,the cooling capacity increased nearly doubled and condensation time was reduced by 15 min; The indoor temperature and humidity was 26℃,75%,the first condensation time was 8 min;the cooling capacity of copper plate was stronger compared with PPR capillary tube radiation model;The state of dew condensation on the surface of the radiation plate was more disorganized with lower water temperature and amount of condensation.When the indoor temperature and humidity was 26℃,60%,the maximum size of water drops the length was 9.6 mm,the width was 8.8 mm on the surface of the radiant panel.
2016, 31(6)
:89-94.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.013
Abstract:
Absolute value equation Ax-x=b(AVEs) is a non-differentiable NP-hard problem.A new hybrid algorithm based on Genetic algorithm and Powell algorithm was proposed under the condition that all singular values of A>1.Genetic algorithm was used for global search and Powell algorithm was used for local optimization.Numerical results showed this algorthm effectively avoid the precociousness of Genetic algorithm and sensitivity to initial point requirement of Powell algorithm,and less evolutional generation was required to get the optimal solution of AVEs.
Absolute value equation Ax-x=b(AVEs) is a non-differentiable NP-hard problem.A new hybrid algorithm based on Genetic algorithm and Powell algorithm was proposed under the condition that all singular values of A>1.Genetic algorithm was used for global search and Powell algorithm was used for local optimization.Numerical results showed this algorthm effectively avoid the precociousness of Genetic algorithm and sensitivity to initial point requirement of Powell algorithm,and less evolutional generation was required to get the optimal solution of AVEs.
2016, 31(6)
:95-99.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.014
Abstract:
The properties of three dimensional space solution of strongly damped nonlinear wave equation by 3D was expanded to N dimensional space (N>3).A standard Galerkin method and the Sobolev embedding theorem were utilized to study the existence of weak solution under the space. The inner product was used to make the solution's dissipation estimates,and the Gronwall lemma was used to prove the existence of the attractor.
The properties of three dimensional space solution of strongly damped nonlinear wave equation by 3D was expanded to N dimensional space (N>3).A standard Galerkin method and the Sobolev embedding theorem were utilized to study the existence of weak solution under the space. The inner product was used to make the solution's dissipation estimates,and the Gronwall lemma was used to prove the existence of the attractor.
2016, 31(6)
:100-108.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2016.6.015
Abstract:
Stability problems of Ishikawa iterative sequences with error for Lipschitz k- subaccretive operators equation were studied in real Banach space. A general estimate formula of the unique solution q that {yn} converged to the equation x+Tx=f was given, which extended and improved the corresponding results in some references.
Stability problems of Ishikawa iterative sequences with error for Lipschitz k- subaccretive operators equation were studied in real Banach space. A general estimate formula of the unique solution q that {yn} converged to the equation x+Tx=f was given, which extended and improved the corresponding results in some references.
Journal Information
Founded in 1986， bimonthly
Administered by：The Education Department Henan Province
Sponsored by：Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Editor-in-chief：Wei Shizhong
Executive Editor-in-Chief：Zou Lin
Deputy Editor-in-Chief：Qu Shuanghong
Edited & published by：Editorial Department of Journal of Light Industry
CN 41-1437/TS
ISSN 2096-1553
Address：136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
Postal Code：450001
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