2018 Vol. 33, No. 2
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2018, 33(2)
:1-6.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.001
Abstract:
The diatomite as the main raw material and TiCl4 as the source of titanium,hydrolytic precipitation method was used to prepare a new type of environmentally friendly material-nano-TiO2/diatomite-based porous ceramsite composite material.Its formaldehyde removal effect in a 1 m3 environmental chamber was tested. The results showed that the composites had good removal effect for formaldehyde under ultraviolet light, and the removal rate of formaldehyde was the highest 97.8% at 120 min. If the composites is used as an air purifier core, it will play a positive role in solving the air pollution problem of newly renovated houses.
The diatomite as the main raw material and TiCl4 as the source of titanium,hydrolytic precipitation method was used to prepare a new type of environmentally friendly material-nano-TiO2/diatomite-based porous ceramsite composite material.Its formaldehyde removal effect in a 1 m3 environmental chamber was tested. The results showed that the composites had good removal effect for formaldehyde under ultraviolet light, and the removal rate of formaldehyde was the highest 97.8% at 120 min. If the composites is used as an air purifier core, it will play a positive role in solving the air pollution problem of newly renovated houses.
2018, 33(2)
:7-12.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.002
Abstract:
The diatomite was used as the main material,diatomite-based porous ceramics were prepared.On the surface of diatomite-based porous ceramics,through dipping glaze composed by diatomite,tourmaline and sintering additives,tourmaline modification diatomite-based interior wall material was prepared.The formaldehyde removal effect was discussed.The results indicated that the main crystalline phases of tourmaline modification diatomite-based interior wall material were quartz and corresponding tourmaline phase.The material had larger specific surface area and abundant pores.The environmental performance of tourmaline in the glaze was preserved.The concentration of formaldehyde droped from 0.312 mg/m3 to 0.089 mg/m3 in 1 m3 environmental chamber in 360 min,and the formaldehyde removal rate was 71.4%,indicating that the material had good adsorption and removal effects on formaldehyde in indoor air.
The diatomite was used as the main material,diatomite-based porous ceramics were prepared.On the surface of diatomite-based porous ceramics,through dipping glaze composed by diatomite,tourmaline and sintering additives,tourmaline modification diatomite-based interior wall material was prepared.The formaldehyde removal effect was discussed.The results indicated that the main crystalline phases of tourmaline modification diatomite-based interior wall material were quartz and corresponding tourmaline phase.The material had larger specific surface area and abundant pores.The environmental performance of tourmaline in the glaze was preserved.The concentration of formaldehyde droped from 0.312 mg/m3 to 0.089 mg/m3 in 1 m3 environmental chamber in 360 min,and the formaldehyde removal rate was 71.4%,indicating that the material had good adsorption and removal effects on formaldehyde in indoor air.
2018, 33(2)
:13-19.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.003
Abstract:
Taking uranium tailings treated to hazard-free as the main raw material,a new type of environment fuctional material-uranium tailings-based porous ceramisite was prepared.The adsorption capacity of uranium tailings porous ceramisite for hydroquinone were investigated.The results indicated that,the removal rate and adsorption capacity of uranium tailings-based porous ceramisite for hydroquinone uranium tailings were 91.2% and 4.56 mg/g respectively with a pH value of 7.During the adsorption of the uranium tailing-based porous ceramsite for hydroquinone,the liquid film diffusion dominated and was more accurately described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation.Data fitting degree of Langmuir equation and Koble-Corrigan equation of adsorption isotherm was higher.The adsorption properties of uranium tailings-based porous ceramsite were fixed at a fixed site by a single layer molecular layer, and it was a non-uniform composite adsorption system.The adsorption process of uranium tailings porous ceramisite for hydroquinone was a high fitting for the liquid film diffusion model.The R2 and k value were 0.847 8 and 0.041 7 respectively.
Taking uranium tailings treated to hazard-free as the main raw material,a new type of environment fuctional material-uranium tailings-based porous ceramisite was prepared.The adsorption capacity of uranium tailings porous ceramisite for hydroquinone were investigated.The results indicated that,the removal rate and adsorption capacity of uranium tailings-based porous ceramisite for hydroquinone uranium tailings were 91.2% and 4.56 mg/g respectively with a pH value of 7.During the adsorption of the uranium tailing-based porous ceramsite for hydroquinone,the liquid film diffusion dominated and was more accurately described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation.Data fitting degree of Langmuir equation and Koble-Corrigan equation of adsorption isotherm was higher.The adsorption properties of uranium tailings-based porous ceramsite were fixed at a fixed site by a single layer molecular layer, and it was a non-uniform composite adsorption system.The adsorption process of uranium tailings porous ceramisite for hydroquinone was a high fitting for the liquid film diffusion model.The R2 and k value were 0.847 8 and 0.041 7 respectively.
2018, 33(2)
:20-26.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.004
Abstract:
The extraction process of flavonoid from hawthorn was optimized with hawthorn fruit,extraction time,ethanol concentration and the material liquid ratio as the main influence factors,flavonoid of hawthorn extraction as an index for research.On the basis of single factor experiment,optimized by response surface analysis,the best extraction conditions for extraction were:liquid ratio was 1:6,ethanol concentration was 60%,thermal extraction time was 80 min.Under the condition the flavonoid extraction rate reached 98.12%.
The extraction process of flavonoid from hawthorn was optimized with hawthorn fruit,extraction time,ethanol concentration and the material liquid ratio as the main influence factors,flavonoid of hawthorn extraction as an index for research.On the basis of single factor experiment,optimized by response surface analysis,the best extraction conditions for extraction were:liquid ratio was 1:6,ethanol concentration was 60%,thermal extraction time was 80 min.Under the condition the flavonoid extraction rate reached 98.12%.
2018, 33(2)
:27-34.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.005
Abstract:
In the processing and storage of seasoned seaweeds,their color often deteriorates into brown.Through sensory evaluation and application of bionic technology,it was concluded that by adding 0.085 g/kg tartrazine and 0.009 68 g/kg brilliant blue in seasoned seaweeds,the optimum dyeing formula could be gotten.Based on The Measures for the Administration of New Varieties of Food Additives,an conservative exposure risk assessment of tartrazine and brilliant blue was conducted.The result showed in this formula,daily theoretical maximum exposure of tartrazine and brilliant blue were lower than allowable maximum ADI value,meeting the security requirement.
In the processing and storage of seasoned seaweeds,their color often deteriorates into brown.Through sensory evaluation and application of bionic technology,it was concluded that by adding 0.085 g/kg tartrazine and 0.009 68 g/kg brilliant blue in seasoned seaweeds,the optimum dyeing formula could be gotten.Based on The Measures for the Administration of New Varieties of Food Additives,an conservative exposure risk assessment of tartrazine and brilliant blue was conducted.The result showed in this formula,daily theoretical maximum exposure of tartrazine and brilliant blue were lower than allowable maximum ADI value,meeting the security requirement.
2018, 33(2)
:35-41.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.006
Abstract:
On the basis of extracting three kinds of functional components of Tussilago farfara L leaf,total flavonoids,total saponins and total polysaccharides immunosuppressive model with cyclophosphamide on mice was established.These mice were feed with total polysaccharides (100 mg/kg),middle (200 mg/kg),high dose (400 mg/kg) solution.The effects of different doses of composition on mice carbon clearance,immune organ coefficient,influence of serum lysozyme content and enzyme activity of acid phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity in liver tissue were observed.Results showed that the Tussilago farfara L leaf total saponins,total flavonoids,total polysaccharide can increase mice carbon clearance ability,the activity of ACP in serum and hepatic tissue,the content of immune organ coefficient and serum LZM showing certain regulation function.Among them,the total polysaccharide was best,followed by the total flavonoids and saponins.
On the basis of extracting three kinds of functional components of Tussilago farfara L leaf,total flavonoids,total saponins and total polysaccharides immunosuppressive model with cyclophosphamide on mice was established.These mice were feed with total polysaccharides (100 mg/kg),middle (200 mg/kg),high dose (400 mg/kg) solution.The effects of different doses of composition on mice carbon clearance,immune organ coefficient,influence of serum lysozyme content and enzyme activity of acid phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity in liver tissue were observed.Results showed that the Tussilago farfara L leaf total saponins,total flavonoids,total polysaccharide can increase mice carbon clearance ability,the activity of ACP in serum and hepatic tissue,the content of immune organ coefficient and serum LZM showing certain regulation function.Among them,the total polysaccharide was best,followed by the total flavonoids and saponins.
2018, 33(2)
:42-49.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.007
Abstract:
In order to enrich the varieties of chinese-style cigarette and design cigar style cigarette, the tobacco leaf formulation design was studied.The tobacco leaf formulation was divided into 4 functional units. Each unit was designed according to its own characteristics. The composition of leaf group consisted of style unit(23%),mainbody unit(47%),adjust unit(23%) and fill unit(7%). The whole formulation was made up of leaf group(80%), expanded tobacco stem(12%), paper-process tobacco sheet(8%).The expanded tobacco leaf produces burned taste, and it does not match cigar style tobacco leaf group. Therefore, it was not suitable for the composition of cigar style tobacco leaf material.The sensory evaluation showed that the cigar style was featured with its strong aroma,rich flavor,good harmony,less offensive and irritancy content,good aftertaste and its cleanness and comfort. It delivered about 9.7 mg/cigarette tar,1.1 mg/cigarette nicotine and 11.2 mg/cigarette CO. The design met the requirements of cigar style cigarette.
In order to enrich the varieties of chinese-style cigarette and design cigar style cigarette, the tobacco leaf formulation design was studied.The tobacco leaf formulation was divided into 4 functional units. Each unit was designed according to its own characteristics. The composition of leaf group consisted of style unit(23%),mainbody unit(47%),adjust unit(23%) and fill unit(7%). The whole formulation was made up of leaf group(80%), expanded tobacco stem(12%), paper-process tobacco sheet(8%).The expanded tobacco leaf produces burned taste, and it does not match cigar style tobacco leaf group. Therefore, it was not suitable for the composition of cigar style tobacco leaf material.The sensory evaluation showed that the cigar style was featured with its strong aroma,rich flavor,good harmony,less offensive and irritancy content,good aftertaste and its cleanness and comfort. It delivered about 9.7 mg/cigarette tar,1.1 mg/cigarette nicotine and 11.2 mg/cigarette CO. The design met the requirements of cigar style cigarette.
2018, 33(2)
:50-54.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.008
Abstract:
The effects of different types of combustion supporting agent in cigarette paper on the overall sensory quality of cigarettes were analyzed by sensory evaluation. Variation analysis on the difference of weight difference between the sensory indexes which affect the weight of cigarette smoke was carried out by principal component analysis technique.The results showed that:the overall sensory quality of cigarette with potassium citrate as combustion supporting agent was better, while the overall sensory quality of cigarette with potassium lactate as combustion supporting agent was poor,the order of the effect of the types of combustion supporting agent on seven main indexes of sensory quality was aftertaste > ordor > coordination > aroma > state > drying > stimulation.
The effects of different types of combustion supporting agent in cigarette paper on the overall sensory quality of cigarettes were analyzed by sensory evaluation. Variation analysis on the difference of weight difference between the sensory indexes which affect the weight of cigarette smoke was carried out by principal component analysis technique.The results showed that:the overall sensory quality of cigarette with potassium citrate as combustion supporting agent was better, while the overall sensory quality of cigarette with potassium lactate as combustion supporting agent was poor,the order of the effect of the types of combustion supporting agent on seven main indexes of sensory quality was aftertaste > ordor > coordination > aroma > state > drying > stimulation.
2018, 33(2)
:55-62.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.009
Abstract:
Through the pyrolysis reactions of cut tobacco in different regions, a new pyrolysis kinetic model was built up to obtain the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction,such as activation energy,preexponential factor and reaction order.The simulation results corresponded well with the experimental results.It showed that the average relative deviation (ARD) between calculated values and experimental values were all lower than 1%,getting more accurate kinetic parameters.By comparing the kinetic parameters of different pyrolysis reactions and the tobacco composition in different growing places,it was found that the higher the amount of total sugar,nicotine and total nitrogen was,the lower the activation energies of low temperature pyrolysis reactions became,and the generation of tar was most contributed by low temperature pyrolysis reaction.
Through the pyrolysis reactions of cut tobacco in different regions, a new pyrolysis kinetic model was built up to obtain the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction,such as activation energy,preexponential factor and reaction order.The simulation results corresponded well with the experimental results.It showed that the average relative deviation (ARD) between calculated values and experimental values were all lower than 1%,getting more accurate kinetic parameters.By comparing the kinetic parameters of different pyrolysis reactions and the tobacco composition in different growing places,it was found that the higher the amount of total sugar,nicotine and total nitrogen was,the lower the activation energies of low temperature pyrolysis reactions became,and the generation of tar was most contributed by low temperature pyrolysis reaction.
2018, 33(2)
:63-69.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.010
Abstract:
Aiming at the low accuracy of discrete fourier transform (DFT) frequency estimation,a new fast detection method was proposed based on DFT output zero-crossing.The DFT output characteristics of the signal were analyzed firstly.The zero-crossing time of the DFT real part (or imaginary) was calculated accurately by using the fourth order Newton interpolation method.The system frequency could be obtained by the time difference between two zero-crossing points.The results of simulation analysis and experimental verification showed that the method had higher frequency estimation accuracy and less harmonic disturbance, and only needed 1.78 cycles to achieve frequency estimation, which was suitable for power system with real time requirement.
Aiming at the low accuracy of discrete fourier transform (DFT) frequency estimation,a new fast detection method was proposed based on DFT output zero-crossing.The DFT output characteristics of the signal were analyzed firstly.The zero-crossing time of the DFT real part (or imaginary) was calculated accurately by using the fourth order Newton interpolation method.The system frequency could be obtained by the time difference between two zero-crossing points.The results of simulation analysis and experimental verification showed that the method had higher frequency estimation accuracy and less harmonic disturbance, and only needed 1.78 cycles to achieve frequency estimation, which was suitable for power system with real time requirement.
2018, 33(2)
:70-75.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.011
Abstract:
Aiming at the problems of the traditional electric switchgear including the severe disturbance of the temperature measurement system by electromagnetic interference, the difficulty of lying line and the inconvenience of energy supply, etc.,a temperature on-line monitoring system was built based on surface acoustic wave measurement technique. The system used planar inverted-F antenna alternative helical monopole antenna to optimize the structure of the antenna. It broke through the limitations of the short transmission distance of the original antenna of the data concentrator. The actual installation location of the sensor was adjusted to avoid signal cross interference to the greatest extent. The actual operation showed that the system worked stably with good results, effectively solving the problem of strong electromagnetic interference, meeting the accuracy requirements of on-line temperature monitoring of the switchgear.
Aiming at the problems of the traditional electric switchgear including the severe disturbance of the temperature measurement system by electromagnetic interference, the difficulty of lying line and the inconvenience of energy supply, etc.,a temperature on-line monitoring system was built based on surface acoustic wave measurement technique. The system used planar inverted-F antenna alternative helical monopole antenna to optimize the structure of the antenna. It broke through the limitations of the short transmission distance of the original antenna of the data concentrator. The actual installation location of the sensor was adjusted to avoid signal cross interference to the greatest extent. The actual operation showed that the system worked stably with good results, effectively solving the problem of strong electromagnetic interference, meeting the accuracy requirements of on-line temperature monitoring of the switchgear.
2018, 33(2)
:76-86.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.012
Abstract:
The following aspects were reviewed:the development status of wind and solar hybrid power generation, the research method on power system low frequency oscillation, the influence of power system small signal stability with integration of wind and solar hybrid power, as well as improving the control strategy of stability of wind and solar hybrid power generation. Therefore, the research direction of the future low frequency oscillation analysis and control could be obtained as follow:the study of the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine and the interaction of traditional power system dynamic characteristic; the influence of wind andsolar hybrid system capacity and the corresponding energy storage system on the low frequency oscillation characteristics; the influence factors of wind and solar hybrid power generation system on the damping characteristics of the interconnected systems; the design and parameter optimization of the controller to improve the damping characteristics of the system with integration of wind and solar hybrid power generation.
The following aspects were reviewed:the development status of wind and solar hybrid power generation, the research method on power system low frequency oscillation, the influence of power system small signal stability with integration of wind and solar hybrid power, as well as improving the control strategy of stability of wind and solar hybrid power generation. Therefore, the research direction of the future low frequency oscillation analysis and control could be obtained as follow:the study of the dynamic characteristics of wind turbine and the interaction of traditional power system dynamic characteristic; the influence of wind andsolar hybrid system capacity and the corresponding energy storage system on the low frequency oscillation characteristics; the influence factors of wind and solar hybrid power generation system on the damping characteristics of the interconnected systems; the design and parameter optimization of the controller to improve the damping characteristics of the system with integration of wind and solar hybrid power generation.
2018, 33(2)
:87-94.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.013
Abstract:
For the top beam of hydraulic support to meet the requirements of working conditions, the goal of the project is to minimize the quality.A lightweight design method for the top beam was proposed combined with neural network approximation model and genetic algorithm.Firstly, using ANSYS to build a parametric model to the top beam, taking the quality of the top beam as the objective function,5 design variables that affect quality and intensity were selected,the optimization model of the top beam was established.Then, Optimal Latin Hypercube sampling method and ANSYS were used to get training samples.Neural network was applied to nonlinear fitting of sample set, and the approximate model of neural network was established.The approximate model was used to approximate the quality and maximal stress of the top beam,genetic algorithm was applied to solve the optimization model of the top beam, and the optimal solution was obtained finally.The optimization results showed that the quality of the top beam was 8 038.2 kg, which reduced by 9.66%.The maximum stress value was less than the yield strength of the top beam material and met the fatigue life requirement.
For the top beam of hydraulic support to meet the requirements of working conditions, the goal of the project is to minimize the quality.A lightweight design method for the top beam was proposed combined with neural network approximation model and genetic algorithm.Firstly, using ANSYS to build a parametric model to the top beam, taking the quality of the top beam as the objective function,5 design variables that affect quality and intensity were selected,the optimization model of the top beam was established.Then, Optimal Latin Hypercube sampling method and ANSYS were used to get training samples.Neural network was applied to nonlinear fitting of sample set, and the approximate model of neural network was established.The approximate model was used to approximate the quality and maximal stress of the top beam,genetic algorithm was applied to solve the optimization model of the top beam, and the optimal solution was obtained finally.The optimization results showed that the quality of the top beam was 8 038.2 kg, which reduced by 9.66%.The maximum stress value was less than the yield strength of the top beam material and met the fatigue life requirement.
2018, 33(2)
:95-101.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.014
Abstract:
The light weight design of the subframe is either not ideal, or the accuracy of the model should be higher. To deal with the problems, the Kriging approximate model was used to make a lightweight design for the subframe.Firstly,the Latin hypercube sampling test design method was used to sample the important feature points of the subframe, and the Kriging approximate model was combined to parameterize the subframe. Then, the fatigue of subframe was taken as the target parameter,and 11 thickness dimensions were selected as design variables and optimized. The optimal solution was obtained through about 400 iterations, and the optimized subframe quality was 11.3 kg, which was reduced by 10.3% compared with that before optimization. The maximum stress value under beating condition still satisfied the yield condition, and the free model frequency also met the model requirement, which realized the lightweight design better. The advantage of this method was that it not only achieved better optimization results, but also did not need to transform among different softwares and effectively avoided the distortion of the model.
The light weight design of the subframe is either not ideal, or the accuracy of the model should be higher. To deal with the problems, the Kriging approximate model was used to make a lightweight design for the subframe.Firstly,the Latin hypercube sampling test design method was used to sample the important feature points of the subframe, and the Kriging approximate model was combined to parameterize the subframe. Then, the fatigue of subframe was taken as the target parameter,and 11 thickness dimensions were selected as design variables and optimized. The optimal solution was obtained through about 400 iterations, and the optimized subframe quality was 11.3 kg, which was reduced by 10.3% compared with that before optimization. The maximum stress value under beating condition still satisfied the yield condition, and the free model frequency also met the model requirement, which realized the lightweight design better. The advantage of this method was that it not only achieved better optimization results, but also did not need to transform among different softwares and effectively avoided the distortion of the model.
2018, 33(2)
:102-108.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.02.015
Abstract:
For the characteristics of the control valve spool in different flow characteristics with parabola contour,a design method of regulating valve spool based on Chebyshev polynomial fitting was proposed.According to the relationship between the flow coefficient and the flow area, the curve equation of spool was aquired by fitting the point on the spool contour which used the Chebyshev curve fitting method and then the Fluent was used for software simulation and experimental verification of the designed spool curve.The results showed that the deviation of the flow characteristic of the spool design was 1.9%~14.1%, which conformed to the standard IEC 60534-2-4:1989 in the range of 10.0%~18.4%. The design method was practical and feasible.
For the characteristics of the control valve spool in different flow characteristics with parabola contour,a design method of regulating valve spool based on Chebyshev polynomial fitting was proposed.According to the relationship between the flow coefficient and the flow area, the curve equation of spool was aquired by fitting the point on the spool contour which used the Chebyshev curve fitting method and then the Fluent was used for software simulation and experimental verification of the designed spool curve.The results showed that the deviation of the flow characteristic of the spool design was 1.9%~14.1%, which conformed to the standard IEC 60534-2-4:1989 in the range of 10.0%~18.4%. The design method was practical and feasible.
Journal Information
Founded in 1986， bimonthly
Administered by：The Education Department Henan Province
Sponsored by：Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Editor-in-chief：Wei Shizhong
Executive Editor-in-Chief：Zou Lin
Subeditor：Qu Shuanghong
Edited & published by：Editorial Department of Journal of Light Industry
CN 41-1437/TS
ISSN 2096-1553
Address：136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
Postal Code：450001
Tel：(086)0371-86608635
(086)0371-86608633
