2018 Vol. 33, No. 4
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2018, 33(4)
:1-12.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.001
Abstract:
Appropriately increasing the mass concentration of ethyl caproate and lowering that of ethyl lactate in Luzhou-flavor liquor, i.e. "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing", is an effective way to improve the quality of Luzhou-flavor liquor. From the aspects of the chemical properties and biosynthesis of ethyl caproate and ethyl lactate, the related microorganisms of "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing", and the main technical measures of "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing", the existing literatures were sorted out.Ethyl hexanoate and ethyl lactate are formed by caproic acid and lactic acid and ethanol through esterification, respectively. Caproic acid and lactic acid are substrates for the biosynthesis of these two esters. Caproic acid, methanogen, esterified bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts are all directly or indirectly relate to the "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing". The application of these microbial preparations alone or in combination can achieve an obvious effect of "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing".In addition,in order to achieve the purpose of "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing", Luzhou-flavor liquor companies apply some comprehensive measures according to the local conditions and fermented time, such as scientific construction of the wine cellar fermentation tank, optimization of the pit mud, improvement the quality of Daqu, cleaning and hygienism, adjustment of the conditions of fermentation tank, fine distillation operation, and slow fermentation under low temperature, i.e. In the future, we should study the population succession of lactic acid bacteria, lactobacilli, i.e. related to "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing" under different production conditions. And use artificial culture method and metagenomics and other culture-free techniques to systematically study and reveal the laws of growth, reproduction and metabolism of various microorganisms through the brewing process of Luzhou-flavor liquor.And the industrialization management of liquor will be regulated with the attitude of scientific development to maintain "Ethyl Caproate-increasing" and "Ethyl Lactate-decreasing" reasonably and appropriately, thus ultimately create their branded products with own characteristics and adapt to changes in product consumption structure.
Appropriately increasing the mass concentration of ethyl caproate and lowering that of ethyl lactate in Luzhou-flavor liquor, i.e. "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing", is an effective way to improve the quality of Luzhou-flavor liquor. From the aspects of the chemical properties and biosynthesis of ethyl caproate and ethyl lactate, the related microorganisms of "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing", and the main technical measures of "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing", the existing literatures were sorted out.Ethyl hexanoate and ethyl lactate are formed by caproic acid and lactic acid and ethanol through esterification, respectively. Caproic acid and lactic acid are substrates for the biosynthesis of these two esters. Caproic acid, methanogen, esterified bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts are all directly or indirectly relate to the "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing". The application of these microbial preparations alone or in combination can achieve an obvious effect of "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing".In addition,in order to achieve the purpose of "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing", Luzhou-flavor liquor companies apply some comprehensive measures according to the local conditions and fermented time, such as scientific construction of the wine cellar fermentation tank, optimization of the pit mud, improvement the quality of Daqu, cleaning and hygienism, adjustment of the conditions of fermentation tank, fine distillation operation, and slow fermentation under low temperature, i.e. In the future, we should study the population succession of lactic acid bacteria, lactobacilli, i.e. related to "Ethyl Caproate-increasing and Ethyl Lactate-decreasing" under different production conditions. And use artificial culture method and metagenomics and other culture-free techniques to systematically study and reveal the laws of growth, reproduction and metabolism of various microorganisms through the brewing process of Luzhou-flavor liquor.And the industrialization management of liquor will be regulated with the attitude of scientific development to maintain "Ethyl Caproate-increasing" and "Ethyl Lactate-decreasing" reasonably and appropriately, thus ultimately create their branded products with own characteristics and adapt to changes in product consumption structure.
2018, 33(4)
:13-20.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.002
Abstract:
Using Songhe Daqu as the separation source, the spores were enriched and isolated by heating and dilution coating method. The esterase-producing strains were screened by transparent circle method and flask shaking fermentation method. Combined with morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the high-yield esterase-producing Bacillus strain was initially identified and its fermentation conditions were optimized.A total of 81 strains of esterase-producing strains were screened and a high-yield esterase-producing strain SPEO-28 was screened out, which was initially identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The optimal esterification enzyme fermentation conditions of this strain were as follows:starch as carbon source and NH4NO3 as nitrogen source, initial pH value of 6.0, fermentation at 47℃ for 3 d. Under this condition, the esterase activity of the strain reached 22.83 U/mL, which was 82.6% higher than that before optimization.
Using Songhe Daqu as the separation source, the spores were enriched and isolated by heating and dilution coating method. The esterase-producing strains were screened by transparent circle method and flask shaking fermentation method. Combined with morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the high-yield esterase-producing Bacillus strain was initially identified and its fermentation conditions were optimized.A total of 81 strains of esterase-producing strains were screened and a high-yield esterase-producing strain SPEO-28 was screened out, which was initially identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The optimal esterification enzyme fermentation conditions of this strain were as follows:starch as carbon source and NH4NO3 as nitrogen source, initial pH value of 6.0, fermentation at 47℃ for 3 d. Under this condition, the esterase activity of the strain reached 22.83 U/mL, which was 82.6% higher than that before optimization.
2018, 33(4)
:21-28.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.003
Abstract:
The fermentation conditions of Clostridium tyrobutyricum RL1 isolated from Luzhou-flavor liquor pit mud for the production of butyric acid was optimized using one-factor experiment combined with orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal yield of butyric acid termentation of Clostridium butyrium RL1 was the initial pH value 6.8, the volume of culture media 100%, the culture temperature 34℃, the inoculation amount 3% (volume fraction) and the dosage of the deoxidizer (sodium thioglycolate) 0.5 g/L.Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the production of butyric acid by Clostridion tyrobutyricum RL1 reached 10.66 g/L, which was 41.76% higher than that before optimization.
The fermentation conditions of Clostridium tyrobutyricum RL1 isolated from Luzhou-flavor liquor pit mud for the production of butyric acid was optimized using one-factor experiment combined with orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal yield of butyric acid termentation of Clostridium butyrium RL1 was the initial pH value 6.8, the volume of culture media 100%, the culture temperature 34℃, the inoculation amount 3% (volume fraction) and the dosage of the deoxidizer (sodium thioglycolate) 0.5 g/L.Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the production of butyric acid by Clostridion tyrobutyricum RL1 reached 10.66 g/L, which was 41.76% higher than that before optimization.
The microbial characteristics of partial nitrosated granular sludge in the aerated upflow sludge bed
2018, 33(4)
:29-36.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.004
Abstract:
The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the microbial characteristics of nitrosated granular sludge in aerated upflow sludge bed. The results showed that compared with the initial inoculated flocculent sludge,the sludge Shannon index increased from 3.869 to 4.590,which inicated the microbial population diversity of nitrosated granular sludge was more significant,and the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas in the sludge was reduced from 12.08% to 6.15%, and the relative abundance of Nitrobacter was reduced from 5.43% to 0.32%, which also indicated the nitrosation stability of nitrosated granular sludge was better.
The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the microbial characteristics of nitrosated granular sludge in aerated upflow sludge bed. The results showed that compared with the initial inoculated flocculent sludge,the sludge Shannon index increased from 3.869 to 4.590,which inicated the microbial population diversity of nitrosated granular sludge was more significant,and the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas in the sludge was reduced from 12.08% to 6.15%, and the relative abundance of Nitrobacter was reduced from 5.43% to 0.32%, which also indicated the nitrosation stability of nitrosated granular sludge was better.
2018, 33(4)
:37-41.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.005
Abstract:
The banana peel was used as raw material and modified with acetic acid to obtain modified banana peel adsorbent. The modified banana peel adsorbent was used as adsorption carrier to investigate its cyclic adsorption performance of Pb2+ in wastewater. The results showed that the modification of banana peel with acetic acid could significantly increase the specific surface area and pore volume, and provide favorable conditions for the adsorption of Pb2+ in wastewater. The modified banana peel adsorbent had better adsorption capacity for Pb2+ in wastewater. The adsorption efficiency reached 97.9%, and the adsorption efficiency was still up to 92.1% after 4 cycles of adsorption.
The banana peel was used as raw material and modified with acetic acid to obtain modified banana peel adsorbent. The modified banana peel adsorbent was used as adsorption carrier to investigate its cyclic adsorption performance of Pb2+ in wastewater. The results showed that the modification of banana peel with acetic acid could significantly increase the specific surface area and pore volume, and provide favorable conditions for the adsorption of Pb2+ in wastewater. The modified banana peel adsorbent had better adsorption capacity for Pb2+ in wastewater. The adsorption efficiency reached 97.9%, and the adsorption efficiency was still up to 92.1% after 4 cycles of adsorption.
2018, 33(4)
:42-49.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.006
Abstract:
The ordinary activated sludge was inoculated into the volcanic rock biological filtration at 21.0~26.0℃. The parameters of the three experimental stages were adjusted to investigate the rapid start-up of the Anammox reactor and its stable operation strategy under low ammonia nitrogen conditions. The results showed that the first stage was high ammonia nitrogen and high alkalinity operation, the hydraulic retention time increased from 1.7 h to 6 h, the total nitrogen removal effect was not satisfactory, the reactor didn't start successfully; the second stage was high ammonia nitrogen and low alkalinity. The pre-filtration unit was operated and added to reduce the dissolved oxygen in the influent. On the 101st day, the effluent of the reactor showed obvious denitrification effect, the total nitrogen removal rate was about 40%, the reactor started successfully. The third stage was stable operation with low ammonia nitrogen and low alkalinity, the total nitrogen removal rate was up to 89%, the total effluent nitrogen was 11 mg/L, and the effluent nitrogen reached the first-class A effluent standard of the "Integrated Emission Standard for Pollutants in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002). By controlling the lower DO value and the appropriate pH value, the rapid start-up and stable operation of the low-matrix Anammox reactor could be achieved within a certain temperature range.
The ordinary activated sludge was inoculated into the volcanic rock biological filtration at 21.0~26.0℃. The parameters of the three experimental stages were adjusted to investigate the rapid start-up of the Anammox reactor and its stable operation strategy under low ammonia nitrogen conditions. The results showed that the first stage was high ammonia nitrogen and high alkalinity operation, the hydraulic retention time increased from 1.7 h to 6 h, the total nitrogen removal effect was not satisfactory, the reactor didn't start successfully; the second stage was high ammonia nitrogen and low alkalinity. The pre-filtration unit was operated and added to reduce the dissolved oxygen in the influent. On the 101st day, the effluent of the reactor showed obvious denitrification effect, the total nitrogen removal rate was about 40%, the reactor started successfully. The third stage was stable operation with low ammonia nitrogen and low alkalinity, the total nitrogen removal rate was up to 89%, the total effluent nitrogen was 11 mg/L, and the effluent nitrogen reached the first-class A effluent standard of the "Integrated Emission Standard for Pollutants in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002). By controlling the lower DO value and the appropriate pH value, the rapid start-up and stable operation of the low-matrix Anammox reactor could be achieved within a certain temperature range.
2018, 33(4)
:50-56.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.007
Abstract:
The large eddy simulation model was divided into three outlet apertures. The flow field in the primary separation cylinder of the oilgas separator filter element for the fuel injection screw air compressor was compared and analyzed. The results showed that the outlet aperture size was tangential speed and axis. It had a certain influence on the velocity distribution;it had certain influence on the free vortex and the forced vortex region, the value of the upstream flow, the degree of the secondary flow and the distribution of the oil droplets. Based on various factors, the 2 mm aperture outlet had a good separation effect.
The large eddy simulation model was divided into three outlet apertures. The flow field in the primary separation cylinder of the oilgas separator filter element for the fuel injection screw air compressor was compared and analyzed. The results showed that the outlet aperture size was tangential speed and axis. It had a certain influence on the velocity distribution;it had certain influence on the free vortex and the forced vortex region, the value of the upstream flow, the degree of the secondary flow and the distribution of the oil droplets. Based on various factors, the 2 mm aperture outlet had a good separation effect.
2018, 33(4)
:57-65.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.008
Abstract:
Inview of the complicated structure and the large size of the regular electromagnetic valve and valve block and the difficulty in their integration with micro-fluidic chip, a new type of the electromagnetic microvalve was designed using PDMS, a new type of valve body.The numerical simulation of the static and dynamic flow rate characteristics of the electromagnetic microvalves with different valve-openings was made by Fluent software with UDF function under typical driving pressure.And experiment was made on the flow characteristics of electromagnetic microvalves under On-Off model and PWM model. The results showed that under the same driving pressure, electromagnetic valve flow was proportional to its pressure difference; under the same pressure difference, the average flow of electromagnetic valve was inversely proportional to its driving frequency and its opening flow was proportional to its duty cycle. The designed electromagnetic microvalve had high flow control precision, low cost of encapsulation and could improve the integration and control of pneumatic micro-fluidic chip.
Inview of the complicated structure and the large size of the regular electromagnetic valve and valve block and the difficulty in their integration with micro-fluidic chip, a new type of the electromagnetic microvalve was designed using PDMS, a new type of valve body.The numerical simulation of the static and dynamic flow rate characteristics of the electromagnetic microvalves with different valve-openings was made by Fluent software with UDF function under typical driving pressure.And experiment was made on the flow characteristics of electromagnetic microvalves under On-Off model and PWM model. The results showed that under the same driving pressure, electromagnetic valve flow was proportional to its pressure difference; under the same pressure difference, the average flow of electromagnetic valve was inversely proportional to its driving frequency and its opening flow was proportional to its duty cycle. The designed electromagnetic microvalve had high flow control precision, low cost of encapsulation and could improve the integration and control of pneumatic micro-fluidic chip.
2018, 33(4)
:66-72.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.009
Abstract:
The structural model of the cable antenna was obtained by the force density iterative method. The Gaussian distribution was used to simulate the manufacturing error and thermal deformation error. The finite element model of the cable network structure error analysis was constructed. Taking the manufacturing tolerance and working temperature as variables, the influence of structural error on the antenna surface deviation of the cable was analyzed by a specific example. And comparison was made with the profile deviation analyze caused by the analysis of the cable antenna manufacturing error with the Monte Carlo method.The results showed that the method had the accuracy and feasibility of structural error analysis, which could be used to evaluate the impact of the structural error to the antenna profile accuracy.
The structural model of the cable antenna was obtained by the force density iterative method. The Gaussian distribution was used to simulate the manufacturing error and thermal deformation error. The finite element model of the cable network structure error analysis was constructed. Taking the manufacturing tolerance and working temperature as variables, the influence of structural error on the antenna surface deviation of the cable was analyzed by a specific example. And comparison was made with the profile deviation analyze caused by the analysis of the cable antenna manufacturing error with the Monte Carlo method.The results showed that the method had the accuracy and feasibility of structural error analysis, which could be used to evaluate the impact of the structural error to the antenna profile accuracy.
2018, 33(4)
:73-78,85.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.010
Abstract:
In view that the traversal area repetition rate and the total length of the traversal path of the traversal path planning algorithm of the cleaning robot based on the biologically inspired neural network are large, the algorithm was improved. In the relief algorithm, the method of real-time monitoring of the neurons in the neighborhood of the robot was adopted to shorten the path for the robot to get out of difficulty. The state criteria of neighboring neurons were introduced to make the robot traverse along the edge of the obstacle traversal when obstructing obstacles in an island. Simulation results showed that the improved algorithm could effectively reduce the traversal area repetition rate,the total length of the traversal path and the number of turning.
In view that the traversal area repetition rate and the total length of the traversal path of the traversal path planning algorithm of the cleaning robot based on the biologically inspired neural network are large, the algorithm was improved. In the relief algorithm, the method of real-time monitoring of the neurons in the neighborhood of the robot was adopted to shorten the path for the robot to get out of difficulty. The state criteria of neighboring neurons were introduced to make the robot traverse along the edge of the obstacle traversal when obstructing obstacles in an island. Simulation results showed that the improved algorithm could effectively reduce the traversal area repetition rate,the total length of the traversal path and the number of turning.
Application of grey BP neural network model in short circuit current peak prediction of power system
2018, 33(4)
:79-85.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.011
Abstract:
In view of the unreasonable data iteration and the problem that the new effective information can not be fully utilized of the grey prediction model in the short circuit current peak prediction of power system,a grey BP neural network dynamic prediction model was proposed to adapt for power system.By introducing the dynamic data iteration model,the traditional gray model was improved with the minimum relative error as the target parameter.The short circuit fault model of power system was built by Matlab/Simulink for simulation analysis,and the current data of short circuit of power system under different initial phase angles were obtained. The improved grey model was trained by the short circuit current,the fault initial angle,the prediction result of the grey model and its relative residuals as the input of training BP neural network to obtain the final prediction model of the short circuit current peak.Verification experiments showed that the model could achieve fast and accurate prediction of short circuit current peaks,and was suitable for complex systems with few original sample points,significant nonlinear features and strong randomness.
In view of the unreasonable data iteration and the problem that the new effective information can not be fully utilized of the grey prediction model in the short circuit current peak prediction of power system,a grey BP neural network dynamic prediction model was proposed to adapt for power system.By introducing the dynamic data iteration model,the traditional gray model was improved with the minimum relative error as the target parameter.The short circuit fault model of power system was built by Matlab/Simulink for simulation analysis,and the current data of short circuit of power system under different initial phase angles were obtained. The improved grey model was trained by the short circuit current,the fault initial angle,the prediction result of the grey model and its relative residuals as the input of training BP neural network to obtain the final prediction model of the short circuit current peak.Verification experiments showed that the model could achieve fast and accurate prediction of short circuit current peaks,and was suitable for complex systems with few original sample points,significant nonlinear features and strong randomness.
2018, 33(4)
:86-100,108.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.012
Abstract:
Using the implicit and explicit viscous iterative algorithms for nonexpansive semigroups, convergence theorem of the common elements of the set of common fixed points of nonexpansive semigroups and the set of variational inequalities with a strongly monotone maps were established in Hilbert space, which generalized and improved the results in related literature.
Using the implicit and explicit viscous iterative algorithms for nonexpansive semigroups, convergence theorem of the common elements of the set of common fixed points of nonexpansive semigroups and the set of variational inequalities with a strongly monotone maps were established in Hilbert space, which generalized and improved the results in related literature.
2018, 33(4)
:101-108.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1553.2018.04.013
Abstract:
In the space of probabilistic metrics, the existence of common fixed points for a class of twice power type mapping was studied. Under certain conditions, the common fixed\|point theorems of such twice power type mappings were established, and the related results in some references were improved and generalized. And the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a class of functional equations that originated from dynamic programming were discussed, which was of great significance to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for all kinds of operator equations.
In the space of probabilistic metrics, the existence of common fixed points for a class of twice power type mapping was studied. Under certain conditions, the common fixed\|point theorems of such twice power type mappings were established, and the related results in some references were improved and generalized. And the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a class of functional equations that originated from dynamic programming were discussed, which was of great significance to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for all kinds of operator equations.
Journal Information
Founded in 1986， bimonthly
Administered by：The Education Department Henan Province
Sponsored by：Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Editor-in-chief：Wei Shizhong
Executive Editor-in-Chief：Zou Lin
Subeditor：Qu Shuanghong
Edited & published by：Editorial Department of Journal of Light Industry
CN 41-1437/TS
ISSN 2096-1553
Address：136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
Postal Code：450001
Tel：(086)0371-86608635
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