2020 Vol. 35, No. 2
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Using oxalic acid and choline chloride as raw materials, the deep eutectic solvent was prepared by vacuum evaporation.The effect of the molar ratio of oxalic acid and choline chloride on the appearance and refractive index of the deep eutectic solvent, and the effect of temperature on the viscosity and conductivity of the deep eutectic solvent were studied.The results showed that the deep eutectic solvent prepared in this experiment were all yellowish, transparent, viscous and uniform stable liquid.With the decrease of the amount of substance ratio of oxalic acid and choline chloride, the refractive index of the deep eutectic solvent increased gradually.At the same amount of substance ratio of oxalic acid and choline chloride, the viscosity of the deep eutectic solvent decreased with the increase of temperature.The conductivity of the deep eutectic solvent increased with the increase of temperature.At the same temperature, the viscosity of the deep eutectic solvent increased with the decrease of the amount of substance ratio of oxalic acid and choline chloride,while the conductivity of the deep eutectic solvent increased first and then decreased with the decrease of the amount of substance ratio of oxalic acid and choline chloride.
With mung bean as raw material,alkaline-extraction method was used to obtain mung bean was made by proteins.The effect of mung bean flour and distilled water mass ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and pH value on the mung bean protein extraction rate were studied by single factor experiment.Optimization of protein extraction from mung bean was made by using response surface methodology.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for mung bean protein were the ratio between mung bean flour and distilled water mass 1:15, extraction temperature 40℃, extraction time 20 min and pH value 9.0.Under these conditions, the maximal extraction rate of mung bean protein was 88.80%.
Using ultrasonic auxiliary to extract coltsfoot leaf flavonoid,and to purify it by adsorption resin,coltsfoot leaf flavonoid in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH+·scavenging force and Fe3+ reducing force) and its influence on antioxidant activity of subacute aging model mice (T-AOC,SOD activity,GSH-PX activity and MDA content) were explored.The results showed that the coltsfoot leaf flavonoid had good antioxidant activity,and they could improve the Fe3+ reducing force and DPPH+·scavenging force,and obviously improve the T-AOC,SOD and GSH-PX activity of the subacute aging model mice and reduce MDA content.The good antioxidant activity of coltsfoot leaf flavonoid could be applied to promote anti-aging research and provide a reference for the extraction and application of active ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine.
The fermentation conditions of β-carotene degrading strain HC-3 were optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,and the fermentation liquid of strain HC-3 obtained under the optimal fermentation conditions was applied to the reconstituted tobacco concentrate to study its aroma enhancing effect.The results showed that the best fermentation conditions for β-carotene degradation were 3 g/L of NaNO3,30 g/L of sucrose,3 g/L of yeast powder and 7.0 of initial pH value.Under this condition,the degradation rate of β-carotene could reach 93.35%.After being treated by strain HC-3,the eight flavor components of dihydroactyl lactone, 4,7,9-Mega three ene-3- keton, 4- hydroxyl-β-two hydrogen damascene,9-hydroxy-4,7-Mega three ene ketene,triethyl citrate, 4- (3-hydroxyl butyl)-3,5,5- three methyl-2- cyclohexene-1- ketone,tetradecanoic acid and neophytadiene in the reconstituted tobacco concentrate were significantly increased.Compared with the untreated reconstituted tobacco concentrate,the fragrances made from the reconstituted tobacco concentrate treated by strain HC-3 had better quality,more aroma,higher aroma concentration and lower offensive odor content.
A flavor-enhancing strain HS-1, was screened and isolated from the reconstituted tobacco concentrate by dilute coating plate method.The strain was identified and the culture conditions for fermentation of the strain were optimized. The neutral aroma components of the reconstituted tobacco concentrate fermented under the optimal culture conditions were analyzed. The results showed that HS-1 was Planococcus sp.,the optimal culture conditions for fermentation were fermentation temperature of 30℃, inoculation amount of 5%, and fermentation time of 36 h. Under this culture condition, the total content of neutral aroma components in the reconstituted tobacco concentrate fermented by HS-1 was increased from 56.845% before fermentation to 72.527%, and the types and contents of neutral aroma components had increased. 5-methylfurfural and β-ionone were new ingredients after fermentation, the components such as benzyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-acetylpyrrole, phenethyl alcohol, solanone,β-damascenone, dihydroactinidiolide and megastigmatrienone had increased in varying degrees after fermentation.
In order to explore the suitable storage conditions of concentrate during reconstituted tobacco production, the effects of different storage temperature and storage time on the routine chemical components and aroma components in the concentrate were investigated.The results showed that when the storage temperature was 50℃ and the storage time was 4~6 h, the mass fraction of water-soluble total sugar in the concentrate was at a high level, about 10.00%; the mass fraction of chlorine and potassium was less affected by storage temperature and storage time.When the concentrate was stored at 50℃ for 6 h, the relative content of all kinds of aroma components in the concentrate was stable and slightly higher than that of the concentrate at other temperatures.The suitable storage conditions were that storage temperature was 50℃ and storage time was 5~6 h.
A total of 105 soil samples was collected from 21 villages/towns wheat farmland in 6 regions around Zhengzhou in June 2018, and the contents of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in the soil samples were determined.Their distribution pattern and pollution status were analyzed.The results showed that the average values of Pb, Cu and Zn in the wheat farmland soil around Zhengzhou city were 12.22 mg·kg-1, 11.20 mg·kg-1 and 53.57 mg·kg-1 respectively, all lower than the soil environment quality standard and He'nan fluvo-aquic soil background value;with the increase of soil depth, the contents of these three kinds of heavy metals gradually decreased, and the content of Cd was not reduced;the contents of heavy metals in the wheat farmland soil in different regions was significantly different;among them, the contents of Pb, Cu and Zn in the wheat farmland soil in Gongyi city were relatively high;in the wheat farmland soil, the Pb content in 7 villages/towns and the Zn content in 5 towns exceeded He'nan fluvo-aquic soil background value;and the Cu content and Cd content in 21 villages/towns were lower than the He'nan fluvo-aquic soil background value;Cu and Pb might have homology, and Cu and Zn might be affected by multiple different pollution sources.The soil quality of wheat farmland around Zhengzhou was generally good, but the farmland soil with heavy metal content exceeding He'nan fluvo-aquic soil background value still needs to be monitored.Measures such as strengthening the publicization of agricultural knowledge such as land cultivation and using organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers can improve the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil nature.
In order to understand the rural environment air quality of North He'nan Province,54 villages of 5 types in 6 provinces and municipalities in North He'nan Province were selected to monitor the environment air quality for a total of 1,440 days from 2015 to 2018.The monitoring data of main pollution factors SO2,NO2 and PM10 was analyzed.The results showed that the number of days for the rural environment air quality to reach the standard in northern He'nan province was 1156 days,the rate of compliance was 80.3%,and the main factors that exceeded the standard were PM10 and NO2.The mass concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in rural environment air were low;although the mass concentration of PM10 was relatively high,it generally showed a downward trend; the non-compliance rate of the environment air quality of the 5 types of villages in order from large to small was:industrial type>ecological type>tourism type >planting type>breeding type; the worst air pollution was in the first quarter,exceeding the standard,the main pollution factor was PM10; the better air quality was that of Puyang city,followed by Hebi city and Xinxiang city,and the worse were that of Jiaozuo city,Jiyuan city and Anyang city.Various means can be taken to reduce the pressure on the prevention and control of environmental air pollution in rural areas by appropriately increasing regional monitoring points,conducting source analysis research on major factor PM10 and actively developing online monitoring.
Taking the emulsion wastewater in a coal machinery processing plant as the research object, the coagulation sedimentation demulsification-Fenton oxidation-ultraviolet light irradiation combined process was used to treat the emulsion wastewater, and the effects of the main factors of the three process on the removal of pollutants were investigated.The results showed that the demulsification effect of emulsion wastewater was better when PAC with a mass fraction of 0.5% and PAM with a mass fraction of 0.05% were added in the coagulation sedimentation demulsification experiment; the more suitable Fenton oxidation reaction condition were Fenton reagent ratio n(H2O2):n(FeSO4)=8:1, 0.815 mol/L FeSO4 dosing amount 8 mL, 30% H2O2 dosing amount 7.41 mL, initial pH of wastewater was 2~3; When ultraviolet light irradiation worked in synergy with Fenton's reagent, it could effectively improve the removal rate of pollutants in emulsion wastewater.If the reaction was carried out for 0.5 h, the mass concentration of COD and NH4+-N in the wastewater could be reduced to 2.67×10-4 g/L and 1.30×10-5 g/L, respectively, meeting the emission requirements of enterprises.
Aiming at the problem that the current Chinese micro-blog emotional analysis methods were not comprehensive, which led to poor sentiment analysis results, a Chinese micro-blog emotional analysis method based on semantic rules and expression weighting was proposed.On the basis of using traditional emotion dictionary to analyze the emotion tendency of Chinese micro-blog, negative words, degree adverbs and network neologisms were incorporated into the general emotion dictionary.According to the unique language characteristics and sentence pattern characteristics of Chinese micro-blog text, the method of emotional analysis from words to clauses and then to complex sentences was adopted to analyze the whole Chinese micro-blog.Expression weighting and semantic rules were used to perform weight summation to determine emotional tendency.The experimental results showed that compared with the other three Chinese micro-blog emotional analysis methods,the proposed method was more effective.It had an average precision rate of 78.4%, an average recall rate of 75.2%, and an average F value of 76.7%.
In order to solve the problem that the curve reconstruction technology existing in engineering practice was difficult to consider both curve error and curve smoothness, a fairing reconstruction algorithm of B-spline curve was proposed based on particle swarm optimization (PSO).The algorithm used PSO to adjust the main and secondary control vertices which affect the curvature bad points, bad region and the main control and subcontrol points of the worst points at the same time, so as to find the optimal solution for the position of the control points.The bad points or bad region with inconsistent curvature symbols on the curve were faired first to avoid the occurrence of redundant inflection points on the curve.Then the region with sharp curvature changes were faired and the optimal curve was generated iteratively.The experimental results showed that the algorithm effectively improved the fairing efficiency, obtained better fairing effect, and could satisfy any given error accuracy, which proved its feasibility in engineering practice.
Aiming at the problems of the current visual navigation heavy load AGV system using load color band guidance and scanning code positioning, such as complex path laying and color band susceptible to environmental interference, the 3C visual navigation heavy load AGV system based on auto disturbance rejection control(ADRC) was designed. In this design, three independent high-speed monocular cameras were used to improve the structure of AGV, so as to realize the navigation without color band. Cameras were used to scan the data matrix code information of the ground station, and the scanned image deviation information was transmitted to the controller. Through ADRC real-time adjustment of AGV moving track, it realized the navigation and positioning of heavy load AGV. The results of simulation and practical application showed that the system was stable and flexible, AGV had fast response speed, and it could effectively track the trajectory in real time and improve the navigation accuracy. The absolute value of the maximum navigation error was less than 8 mm, and the absolute value of the maximum offset angle was less than 1°.
Aiming at the shortcomings of the control algorithm in the induction heating power supply, such as small anti-interference ability, low accuracy, and poor self-adaptability, a sliding mode control algorithm with RBF neural network was designed.Based on the analysis of Buck-Boost circuit topology, a mathematical model of the induction heating power supply with the Bock-Boost circuit was established using the basic state space modeling method. The sliding mode algorithm control law was designed. The RBF neural network was introduced into the conventional sliding mode control algorithm to solve the problem of difficult parameter setting and large chatter of the conventional sliding mode controller, so the self-optimization of the parameters of the sliding mode controller was realized.The simulation results showed that the anti-interference and adaptive ability of the sliding mode control algorithm based on RBF neural network was superior to the PID control algorithm,and it had better practicability.
Founded in 1986, bimonthly
Administered by:The Education Department Henan Province
Sponsored by:Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Editor-in-chief:Wei Shizhong
Executive Editor-in-Chief:Zou Lin
Deputy Editor-in-Chief:Qu Shuanghong
Edited & published by:Editorial Department of Journal of Light Industry
CN 41-1437/TS
ISSN 2096-1553
Address:136 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
Postal Code:450001
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