2022 Vol. 37, No. 5
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2022, 37(5)
:1-11.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.001
Abstract:
In order to construct a dual-functional B.subtilis with probiotic function and L-lysine production, B.subtilis ACCC11025 was systematically modified. These results indicated that the strain with replacement of thrD,zwf and gnd from B.subtilis by lysC311,zwf234 and gnd361 from C.glutamicum (i.e.,B.subtilis XH4) was beneficial to L-lysine production, and the yield of L-lysine was (20.3±1.9) g/L. In addition, the strain with replacement of hom from B.subtilis by hom59 from C.glutamicum(i.e.,B.subtilis XH5)produced (23.2±1.7) g/L of L-lysine without the decrease of cell growth. In addition, the yield of by-products in B.subtilis XH5 was significantly decreased. Moreover, the DapDH from C.glutamicum was introduced into the B.subtilis XH5 (i.e, B.subtilis XH6), resulting in the increase of L-lysine production because of the redirection of the carbon flux in DAP pathway. The resulted recombinant strain B.subtilis XH6 produced (25.6±2.3) g/L of L-lysine.
In order to construct a dual-functional B.subtilis with probiotic function and L-lysine production, B.subtilis ACCC11025 was systematically modified. These results indicated that the strain with replacement of thrD,zwf and gnd from B.subtilis by lysC311,zwf234 and gnd361 from C.glutamicum (i.e.,B.subtilis XH4) was beneficial to L-lysine production, and the yield of L-lysine was (20.3±1.9) g/L. In addition, the strain with replacement of hom from B.subtilis by hom59 from C.glutamicum(i.e.,B.subtilis XH5)produced (23.2±1.7) g/L of L-lysine without the decrease of cell growth. In addition, the yield of by-products in B.subtilis XH5 was significantly decreased. Moreover, the DapDH from C.glutamicum was introduced into the B.subtilis XH5 (i.e, B.subtilis XH6), resulting in the increase of L-lysine production because of the redirection of the carbon flux in DAP pathway. The resulted recombinant strain B.subtilis XH6 produced (25.6±2.3) g/L of L-lysine.
2022, 37(5)
:12-23.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.002
Abstract:
This study used headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technology to detect the volatile flavor components of bag Daqu and brick Daqu, and high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on them. The results showed that 24 volatile flavor components were detected, including 7 alcohols, 4 esters, 1 ketone, 1 aldehyde, 4 acids, 3 phenols and 4 hydrocarbons.17 volatile flavor components were detected in bag Daqu, mainly classified as esters and acids.19 volatile flavor components were detected in brick Daqu, mainly classified as alcohols.At the fungal phylum level, there were 3 dominant fungal phyla (relative abundance >0.50%) in the bag Daqu, namely Ascomycota, Mucoromycota and Basidiomycota.There were 2 dominant fungal phyla in the brick Daqu, namely Ascomycota and Mucoromycota. At the fungal genus level, there were 4 dominant fungal genera (relative abundance >1.00%) in the bag Daqu, including Thermoascus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Candida. There were 6 dominant fungal genera in the brick Daqu, including Thermoascus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Dipodascus, Alternaria and Epicoccum. The different shapes of bag Daqu and brick Daqu led to different fermentation temperature changes, which in turn led to different fungal community diversity and richness, and to differences in Daqu volatile flavor components.
This study used headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technology to detect the volatile flavor components of bag Daqu and brick Daqu, and high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed on them. The results showed that 24 volatile flavor components were detected, including 7 alcohols, 4 esters, 1 ketone, 1 aldehyde, 4 acids, 3 phenols and 4 hydrocarbons.17 volatile flavor components were detected in bag Daqu, mainly classified as esters and acids.19 volatile flavor components were detected in brick Daqu, mainly classified as alcohols.At the fungal phylum level, there were 3 dominant fungal phyla (relative abundance >0.50%) in the bag Daqu, namely Ascomycota, Mucoromycota and Basidiomycota.There were 2 dominant fungal phyla in the brick Daqu, namely Ascomycota and Mucoromycota. At the fungal genus level, there were 4 dominant fungal genera (relative abundance >1.00%) in the bag Daqu, including Thermoascus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Candida. There were 6 dominant fungal genera in the brick Daqu, including Thermoascus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Dipodascus, Alternaria and Epicoccum. The different shapes of bag Daqu and brick Daqu led to different fermentation temperature changes, which in turn led to different fungal community diversity and richness, and to differences in Daqu volatile flavor components.
2022, 37(5)
:24-31.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.003
Abstract:
This paper aimed to investigate the bactericidal effect of petit-high pressure carbon dioxide (p-HPCD) against Pseudomonas deceptionensis CM2 isolated from chicken as a function of CO2 pressure or process time. The results showed that the bactericidal effect of p-HPCD on P.deceptionensis CM2 gradually enhanced with increasing CO2 pressure or prolonging process time. After p-HPCD treatment under 1.3 MPa at 25 ℃ for 2 h, 4 h and 6 h, the populations of P.deceptionensis CM2 were decreased by 1.48 log10 CFU/mL, 3.11 log10 CFU/mL and 3.55 log10 CFU/mL, respectively. p-HPCD treatment under 1.3 MPa at 25 ℃ for 4 h resulted in obvious shrinkage and cracks on the surface of P.deceptionensis CM2 cells. Moreover, p-HPCD treatment caused the leakage of nucleic acids and proteins from P.deceptionensis CM2 cells. Cell membrane permeability and membrane potential also significantly changed after p-HPCD treatment.
This paper aimed to investigate the bactericidal effect of petit-high pressure carbon dioxide (p-HPCD) against Pseudomonas deceptionensis CM2 isolated from chicken as a function of CO2 pressure or process time. The results showed that the bactericidal effect of p-HPCD on P.deceptionensis CM2 gradually enhanced with increasing CO2 pressure or prolonging process time. After p-HPCD treatment under 1.3 MPa at 25 ℃ for 2 h, 4 h and 6 h, the populations of P.deceptionensis CM2 were decreased by 1.48 log10 CFU/mL, 3.11 log10 CFU/mL and 3.55 log10 CFU/mL, respectively. p-HPCD treatment under 1.3 MPa at 25 ℃ for 4 h resulted in obvious shrinkage and cracks on the surface of P.deceptionensis CM2 cells. Moreover, p-HPCD treatment caused the leakage of nucleic acids and proteins from P.deceptionensis CM2 cells. Cell membrane permeability and membrane potential also significantly changed after p-HPCD treatment.
2022, 37(5)
:32-40.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.004
Abstract:
Wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli were analyzed for differences in basic nutrient composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, and volatile flavor substances. The results showed that there were significant differences in the basic nutritional composition between wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli, with wild Sebastes schlegeli having significantly higher moisture and ash content (P<0.05), slightly higher crude protein content, and lower crude fat content (P<0.05) than cultured Sebastes schlegeli. There were 17 amino acids detected in both wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli, of which glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, was in the highest content, and histidine was the lowest. The total amino acid content of wild Sebastes schlegeli (83.20 g/100 g) was significantly higher than that of cultured Sebastes schlegeli (77.30 g/100 g). The ∑EAA/∑AA and ∑EAA/∑NEAA of wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli met the FAO/WHO quality protein standards, and the essential amino acid indices of both were 93.87 and 91.30 respectively, which means that the protein nutritional value of wild Sebastes schlegeli was higher than that of cultured Sebastes schlegeli. Among the 15 fatty acids detected in Sebastes schlegeli, the total content of EPA and DHA in wild Sebastes schlegeli was significantly higher than that in cultured Sebastes schlegeli (P<0.05), with unsaturated fatty acids in wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli accounting for 69.81% and 71.98% of the total fatty acid content, respectively. A total of 20 volatile flavor substances were characterized in Sebastes schlegeli, mainly including ketones, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and heterocyclic compounds, and the relative contents of butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and 2-butanone were significantly higher in cultured Sebastes schlegeli than in wild Sebastes schlegeli, and they showed different flavor characteristics.
Wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli were analyzed for differences in basic nutrient composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, and volatile flavor substances. The results showed that there were significant differences in the basic nutritional composition between wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli, with wild Sebastes schlegeli having significantly higher moisture and ash content (P<0.05), slightly higher crude protein content, and lower crude fat content (P<0.05) than cultured Sebastes schlegeli. There were 17 amino acids detected in both wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli, of which glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, was in the highest content, and histidine was the lowest. The total amino acid content of wild Sebastes schlegeli (83.20 g/100 g) was significantly higher than that of cultured Sebastes schlegeli (77.30 g/100 g). The ∑EAA/∑AA and ∑EAA/∑NEAA of wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli met the FAO/WHO quality protein standards, and the essential amino acid indices of both were 93.87 and 91.30 respectively, which means that the protein nutritional value of wild Sebastes schlegeli was higher than that of cultured Sebastes schlegeli. Among the 15 fatty acids detected in Sebastes schlegeli, the total content of EPA and DHA in wild Sebastes schlegeli was significantly higher than that in cultured Sebastes schlegeli (P<0.05), with unsaturated fatty acids in wild and cultured Sebastes schlegeli accounting for 69.81% and 71.98% of the total fatty acid content, respectively. A total of 20 volatile flavor substances were characterized in Sebastes schlegeli, mainly including ketones, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and heterocyclic compounds, and the relative contents of butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and 2-butanone were significantly higher in cultured Sebastes schlegeli than in wild Sebastes schlegeli, and they showed different flavor characteristics.
2022, 37(5)
:41-49.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.005
Abstract:
The pineapple peel cellulose(PPC) was used as raw material to dissolve in an alkali/urea solution with incorporation of bentonite, then further chemically cross-linked and in-situ embedded with magnetic Fe3O4 to form composite hydrogels. The structure and dye adsorption properties of hydrogels were studied. The results confirmed the successful intercalation of bentonite and Fe3O4 in the hydrogels. The bentonite effectively improved the cross-linked porous network structure, thermal stability and swelling properties of the hydrogel. The bentonite also enhanced the methylene blue adsorption performance of the hydrogels, showing an increased saturated adsorption capacity from 28.09 mg/g to 55.87 mg/g. The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, belonging to chemical adsorption and monolayer adsorption.
The pineapple peel cellulose(PPC) was used as raw material to dissolve in an alkali/urea solution with incorporation of bentonite, then further chemically cross-linked and in-situ embedded with magnetic Fe3O4 to form composite hydrogels. The structure and dye adsorption properties of hydrogels were studied. The results confirmed the successful intercalation of bentonite and Fe3O4 in the hydrogels. The bentonite effectively improved the cross-linked porous network structure, thermal stability and swelling properties of the hydrogel. The bentonite also enhanced the methylene blue adsorption performance of the hydrogels, showing an increased saturated adsorption capacity from 28.09 mg/g to 55.87 mg/g. The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, belonging to chemical adsorption and monolayer adsorption.
2022, 37(5)
:50-60.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.006
Abstract:
The application research progress of biomarker detection methods based on genetic material (RNA and DNA), immunology (antigen/antibody) and combined with microchip technology was reviewed. It was pointed out that the detection method based on genetic material acted directly on the target substance, and had high accuracy and good sensitivity, but it had many detection steps and high requirements for the detection environment; The detection method based on immunology was simple to operate, had high portabihity, and could realize instant detection. However, the accuracy was slightly lower. It was suitable for rapid and large-scale virus screening; Combining with microchip technology made the detection method more diverse. It could realize the detection of target substances in a short time, and the accuracy and degree of automation have been improved. This method showed great development potential in virus screening and disease diagnosis. In the future, the detection technology of biomarkers could be further studied in terms of optimizing the catalyst of the reaction, increasing the degree of purification of nucleic acid extracts, improving the automation of detection equipment, building multiple detection systems, realizing the miniaturization of detection equipment and visualization of detection information, etc. to improve detection accuracy and equipment portability so as to realize the continuous development of this technology.
The application research progress of biomarker detection methods based on genetic material (RNA and DNA), immunology (antigen/antibody) and combined with microchip technology was reviewed. It was pointed out that the detection method based on genetic material acted directly on the target substance, and had high accuracy and good sensitivity, but it had many detection steps and high requirements for the detection environment; The detection method based on immunology was simple to operate, had high portabihity, and could realize instant detection. However, the accuracy was slightly lower. It was suitable for rapid and large-scale virus screening; Combining with microchip technology made the detection method more diverse. It could realize the detection of target substances in a short time, and the accuracy and degree of automation have been improved. This method showed great development potential in virus screening and disease diagnosis. In the future, the detection technology of biomarkers could be further studied in terms of optimizing the catalyst of the reaction, increasing the degree of purification of nucleic acid extracts, improving the automation of detection equipment, building multiple detection systems, realizing the miniaturization of detection equipment and visualization of detection information, etc. to improve detection accuracy and equipment portability so as to realize the continuous development of this technology.
2022, 37(5)
:61-68.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.007
Abstract:
50 nm ceramic membrane and 100 kD and 10 kD organic membrane were used to separate the reconstitution tobacco extract, the obtained fractions were analyzed by GC-MS analysis, principal component analysis of volatile components, evaluation cigarette paper flavoring, and particle composition analysis of flavoring cigarette smoke. The results showed that 68, 45, 45, 7 and 36 volatile components were detected in the unseparated component (M0), 50 nm ceramic membrane interception component (M2), 100 kD organic membrane interception component (M4), 10 kD organic membrane permeation component (M5) and 10 kD organic membrane interception component (M6), respectively, and the total volatile components were 1 109.03 μg/mL,1 042.14 μg/mL,828.02 μg/mL,92.00 μg/mL,762.42 μg/mL, widely existing in the five components were nicotine, 2,2'-methylene bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylpheno. The unique components of M5 were 2-ethylhexanol and cis-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-ethyl cyclohexane. The results of principal component analysis of M5 component were similar to M2 to a certain extent, but there were obvious differences with the other three components. The main components that affected the flavor of M5 were 2-ethylhexanol, cis-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-ethyl cyclohexane. When M5 were added to cigarette paper, the sensory evaluation effect of cigarette was the best, the phenolic, alkane and benzene components in the smoked significantly increased, and the individual flavor components (such as methyl cyclopentaenol ketone, (+)-vanorene, etc.) also increased, which had a significant flavoring effect.
50 nm ceramic membrane and 100 kD and 10 kD organic membrane were used to separate the reconstitution tobacco extract, the obtained fractions were analyzed by GC-MS analysis, principal component analysis of volatile components, evaluation cigarette paper flavoring, and particle composition analysis of flavoring cigarette smoke. The results showed that 68, 45, 45, 7 and 36 volatile components were detected in the unseparated component (M0), 50 nm ceramic membrane interception component (M2), 100 kD organic membrane interception component (M4), 10 kD organic membrane permeation component (M5) and 10 kD organic membrane interception component (M6), respectively, and the total volatile components were 1 109.03 μg/mL,1 042.14 μg/mL,828.02 μg/mL,92.00 μg/mL,762.42 μg/mL, widely existing in the five components were nicotine, 2,2'-methylene bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylpheno. The unique components of M5 were 2-ethylhexanol and cis-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-ethyl cyclohexane. The results of principal component analysis of M5 component were similar to M2 to a certain extent, but there were obvious differences with the other three components. The main components that affected the flavor of M5 were 2-ethylhexanol, cis-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-ethyl cyclohexane. When M5 were added to cigarette paper, the sensory evaluation effect of cigarette was the best, the phenolic, alkane and benzene components in the smoked significantly increased, and the individual flavor components (such as methyl cyclopentaenol ketone, (+)-vanorene, etc.) also increased, which had a significant flavoring effect.
2022, 37(5)
:69-75.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.008
Abstract:
A method for the determination of neotame in tobacco sweet tipping paper was established by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Based on this method, the effects of different storage environments (low temperature and normal humidity, normal temperature and normal humidity, normal temperature and dry) on the content of neotame were analyzed, and the decay behavior of different brands of tipping paper in various environments was fitted by reaction kinetics model. The results showed that the established analytical method exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 1.00~800.00 μg/mL. The method had high recovery rate and precision, which could be applied for the detection and analysis of neotame in sweet tipping paper. Under different environments, the decay rate of neotame in all brands of tipping paper increased with the prolonged storage time. The low temperature and normal humidity environment was more conducive to the stable storage of sweet tipping paper, while the normal temperature and dry environment could promote the decay of neotame. The decay behavior of neotame in different brand tipping papers conformed to different reaction kinetic models.The decay kinetic process of different tipping paper was affected by the environment, which may be related to the microstructure of the tipping paper or the interaction between neotame and the carrier.
A method for the determination of neotame in tobacco sweet tipping paper was established by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Based on this method, the effects of different storage environments (low temperature and normal humidity, normal temperature and normal humidity, normal temperature and dry) on the content of neotame were analyzed, and the decay behavior of different brands of tipping paper in various environments was fitted by reaction kinetics model. The results showed that the established analytical method exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 1.00~800.00 μg/mL. The method had high recovery rate and precision, which could be applied for the detection and analysis of neotame in sweet tipping paper. Under different environments, the decay rate of neotame in all brands of tipping paper increased with the prolonged storage time. The low temperature and normal humidity environment was more conducive to the stable storage of sweet tipping paper, while the normal temperature and dry environment could promote the decay of neotame. The decay behavior of neotame in different brand tipping papers conformed to different reaction kinetic models.The decay kinetic process of different tipping paper was affected by the environment, which may be related to the microstructure of the tipping paper or the interaction between neotame and the carrier.
2022, 37(5)
:76-84.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.009
Abstract:
C4F tobacco leaves in Hechi area, Guangxi were treated by solid-state fermentation with Bacillus sp. ZZ-8. Single factor test and response surface methodology experiment were used to obtain the best processing conditions of Guangxi tobacco leaves treated by Bacillus sp. ZZ-8. The smoking quality of treated tobacco leaves was evaluated by analyzing the content changes of conventional chemical components and important aroma components, combined with sensory evaluation technology. Research results demonstrated that the optimum extracting condition was as follow: inoculum 3 mL, fermentation temperature 28 ℃, fermentation time 36 h, and tobacco leaf relative humidity 60%. Under this condition, the highest content of petroleum ether extract was 9.01%.The total sugar content of tobacco leaves decreased from 23.10% to 22.20%, the reducing sugar content increased from 22.19% to 22.40%, and the sugar alkali ratio decreased from 10.23 to 9.45. Benzaldehyde and β-cyclocitral were produced in tobacco leaves after fermentation, the overall content of aroma components in C4F tobacco increased from 170.444 μg/g to 186.267 μg/g in which the content of aroma substances such as damascene, solanone, megastigmatrienone, dihydrodamascone, geranyl acetone and dihydroactinidide changed greatly. After sensory evaluation, the aroma quality of treated tobacco leaves increased, the irritation and miscellaneous gas decreased, the flue gas was fine and soft, the aftertaste was comfortable, and the smoking quality was improved.
C4F tobacco leaves in Hechi area, Guangxi were treated by solid-state fermentation with Bacillus sp. ZZ-8. Single factor test and response surface methodology experiment were used to obtain the best processing conditions of Guangxi tobacco leaves treated by Bacillus sp. ZZ-8. The smoking quality of treated tobacco leaves was evaluated by analyzing the content changes of conventional chemical components and important aroma components, combined with sensory evaluation technology. Research results demonstrated that the optimum extracting condition was as follow: inoculum 3 mL, fermentation temperature 28 ℃, fermentation time 36 h, and tobacco leaf relative humidity 60%. Under this condition, the highest content of petroleum ether extract was 9.01%.The total sugar content of tobacco leaves decreased from 23.10% to 22.20%, the reducing sugar content increased from 22.19% to 22.40%, and the sugar alkali ratio decreased from 10.23 to 9.45. Benzaldehyde and β-cyclocitral were produced in tobacco leaves after fermentation, the overall content of aroma components in C4F tobacco increased from 170.444 μg/g to 186.267 μg/g in which the content of aroma substances such as damascene, solanone, megastigmatrienone, dihydrodamascone, geranyl acetone and dihydroactinidide changed greatly. After sensory evaluation, the aroma quality of treated tobacco leaves increased, the irritation and miscellaneous gas decreased, the flue gas was fine and soft, the aftertaste was comfortable, and the smoking quality was improved.
2022, 37(5)
:85-90,97.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.010
Abstract:
The product of sugar-base ratio and potassium content in tobacco samples was used as the property value,and the normal distribution test of sample property value in cigarette making process and the calculation of tobacco mixing uniformity were conducted. Through the analysis of control chart, process capability index and tobacco mixing ability, the quality stability and variation law of tobacco in each process were explored. The results showed that the mixing uniformity of tobacco in loose moisture regain process was 67. 04%, the coefficient of variation was 32. 96%, and the mixing uniformity was poor. Premixing contributed the most to the improvement of tobacco mixing uniformity, with the variance reduction index of 17. 59 after first-order feeding premixing, and the tobacco mixing uniformity reached 94. 30%. The processing quality stability of tobacco materials in loose moisture regain and primary feeding premixing process was poor. The mixing uniformity of tobacco materials in the subsequent four processes was more than 95%, and the process capability index CP value was close to 2. 0. The processing quality stability was better. According to the results, the mixing uniformity and quality stability of the material could be improved by increasing the number of cigarette cutters and increasing the premixed cabinet in the cigarette making process.
The product of sugar-base ratio and potassium content in tobacco samples was used as the property value,and the normal distribution test of sample property value in cigarette making process and the calculation of tobacco mixing uniformity were conducted. Through the analysis of control chart, process capability index and tobacco mixing ability, the quality stability and variation law of tobacco in each process were explored. The results showed that the mixing uniformity of tobacco in loose moisture regain process was 67. 04%, the coefficient of variation was 32. 96%, and the mixing uniformity was poor. Premixing contributed the most to the improvement of tobacco mixing uniformity, with the variance reduction index of 17. 59 after first-order feeding premixing, and the tobacco mixing uniformity reached 94. 30%. The processing quality stability of tobacco materials in loose moisture regain and primary feeding premixing process was poor. The mixing uniformity of tobacco materials in the subsequent four processes was more than 95%, and the process capability index CP value was close to 2. 0. The processing quality stability was better. According to the results, the mixing uniformity and quality stability of the material could be improved by increasing the number of cigarette cutters and increasing the premixed cabinet in the cigarette making process.
Study on the transfer behavior of tobacco flavor in slim cigarettes with different flavoring methods
2022, 37(5)
:91-97.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.011
Abstract:
To study the slim cigarettes with different flavoring methods (cut tobacco, breakable capsule, tow and cotton thread flavoring), a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was established for analyzing the distribution and transfer of aroma components in slim cigarettes flavored by different methods. The results showed as follows: after storage in 30 days, the distribution of tobacco flavor compounds in cut filler and filters varied between different flavoring methods, and the transfer rates of tobacco flavor compounds with lower boiling points were higher in tobacco-flavored samples. For three filter flavoring methods (breakable capsule, tow and cotton thread flavoring), the transfer rates to particulate matter of mainstream smoke and the filter retention rates of tobacco flavor compounds were close. Compared to filter-flavored samples, the transfer rates in tobacco-flavored samples were higher, and the filter retention rates were lower. Moreover, the difference between tobacco-flavored and filter-flavored samples was more significant for tobacco flavor with high boiling point. In general, capsule flavoring possessed the best stability of puff-by-puff flavor release. By contrast, the puff-by-puff flavor release was influenced significantly by the boiling point of tobacco flavor compounds in tobacco-flavored samples, and the puff-by-puff flavor release increased with puff in tow-flavored and thread-flavored samples.
To study the slim cigarettes with different flavoring methods (cut tobacco, breakable capsule, tow and cotton thread flavoring), a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method was established for analyzing the distribution and transfer of aroma components in slim cigarettes flavored by different methods. The results showed as follows: after storage in 30 days, the distribution of tobacco flavor compounds in cut filler and filters varied between different flavoring methods, and the transfer rates of tobacco flavor compounds with lower boiling points were higher in tobacco-flavored samples. For three filter flavoring methods (breakable capsule, tow and cotton thread flavoring), the transfer rates to particulate matter of mainstream smoke and the filter retention rates of tobacco flavor compounds were close. Compared to filter-flavored samples, the transfer rates in tobacco-flavored samples were higher, and the filter retention rates were lower. Moreover, the difference between tobacco-flavored and filter-flavored samples was more significant for tobacco flavor with high boiling point. In general, capsule flavoring possessed the best stability of puff-by-puff flavor release. By contrast, the puff-by-puff flavor release was influenced significantly by the boiling point of tobacco flavor compounds in tobacco-flavored samples, and the puff-by-puff flavor release increased with puff in tow-flavored and thread-flavored samples.
2022, 37(5)
:98-104.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.012
Abstract:
1,2-propanediol, glycerol were used instead of alcohol and isopropanol, and a certain amount of self-made microgel was added to prepare alcohol-free low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based microgel fountain solution in this study. Through surface tension tests, the types and dosage of surfactants were screened and optimized, and the suitable surfactant was determined to be 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol polyoxyethylene ether (Surfynol 465), with an addition of 0.10%. Through the optimization design of the formula, the final formula of alcohol-free low VOCs microgel fountain solution was determined as: 1,2-propanediol (10.00%), glycerol (8.00%), disodium hydrogen phosphate (3.00%), sodium citrate (2.00%), Surfynol 465 (0.10%), N-octylpyrrolidone (0.10%), isothiazolinone (0.02%), defoamer (0.10%), gum arabic (0.40%), micro gel (3.30%), deionized water (residual). Compared with the alcohol-free fountain solution with zero-added microgel, the VOCs emission of the alcohol free microgel solution reduces 17.6%. Compared to commercial alcohol-based fountain solution and commercial alcohol-free fountain solutions, the performance of the obtained alcohol-free microgel fountain solution was almost the same, which met the printing suitability standard of fountain solutions and the needs of environment-friendly printing.
1,2-propanediol, glycerol were used instead of alcohol and isopropanol, and a certain amount of self-made microgel was added to prepare alcohol-free low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based microgel fountain solution in this study. Through surface tension tests, the types and dosage of surfactants were screened and optimized, and the suitable surfactant was determined to be 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol polyoxyethylene ether (Surfynol 465), with an addition of 0.10%. Through the optimization design of the formula, the final formula of alcohol-free low VOCs microgel fountain solution was determined as: 1,2-propanediol (10.00%), glycerol (8.00%), disodium hydrogen phosphate (3.00%), sodium citrate (2.00%), Surfynol 465 (0.10%), N-octylpyrrolidone (0.10%), isothiazolinone (0.02%), defoamer (0.10%), gum arabic (0.40%), micro gel (3.30%), deionized water (residual). Compared with the alcohol-free fountain solution with zero-added microgel, the VOCs emission of the alcohol free microgel solution reduces 17.6%. Compared to commercial alcohol-based fountain solution and commercial alcohol-free fountain solutions, the performance of the obtained alcohol-free microgel fountain solution was almost the same, which met the printing suitability standard of fountain solutions and the needs of environment-friendly printing.
2022, 37(5)
:105-112.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.013
Abstract:
Activated carbon prepared from agricultural wastes corncob by steam activation was investigated for the removal of pefloxacin (PFX) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the activated carbon prepared from corncob had well-developed microporous structure. The Box-Behnken design model of response surface methodology was used to optimize the optimal adsorption conditions: the amount of corncob-based activated carbon was 0.6 g/L, the adsorption time was 382 min, and the pH of the PFX solution was 3.76. The results showed that the Langmuir and Koble-Corrigan isothermal adsorption models could properly describe the adsorption behavior of PFX on activated carbon. The adsorption of PFX on activated carbon was a spontaneous, endothermic and increasing entropy process. The adsorption process of PFX on activated carbon was in accord with pseudo-second-order model. At 298 K, the maximum adsorption capacity of PFX on activated carbon was 70.42 mg/g, indicating that the corncob-based activated carbon was a promising candidate for the treatment of pefloxacin wastewater.
Activated carbon prepared from agricultural wastes corncob by steam activation was investigated for the removal of pefloxacin (PFX) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the activated carbon prepared from corncob had well-developed microporous structure. The Box-Behnken design model of response surface methodology was used to optimize the optimal adsorption conditions: the amount of corncob-based activated carbon was 0.6 g/L, the adsorption time was 382 min, and the pH of the PFX solution was 3.76. The results showed that the Langmuir and Koble-Corrigan isothermal adsorption models could properly describe the adsorption behavior of PFX on activated carbon. The adsorption of PFX on activated carbon was a spontaneous, endothermic and increasing entropy process. The adsorption process of PFX on activated carbon was in accord with pseudo-second-order model. At 298 K, the maximum adsorption capacity of PFX on activated carbon was 70.42 mg/g, indicating that the corncob-based activated carbon was a promising candidate for the treatment of pefloxacin wastewater.
2022, 37(5)
:113-119,126.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.014
Abstract:
Modern antiques and Internet + were the development trends of high-quality ceramics. It was of great significance to introduce the artistic style of ceramic decoration into contemporary products and realize the fusion of time and space and artistic re-creation. Taking blue-and-white porcelain as the research object, the near-modern landscape painting was used as the content to superimpose random Gaussian white noise to obtain the initial style transfer image. The pre-trained convolutional neural network was used to extract the content image and the content feature of the generated image, and the style image of the porcelain decoration and the style feature of the generated image were extracted. The content loss and style loss were calculated separately. By the calculation of the loss function and iterating to minimize it, a style transfer image with a strong blue-and-white porcelain flavor was finally generated. The experimental results showed that the deep learning method could realize the integration of blue-andwhite porcelain decoration and landscape paintings, and successfully transfer the learned characteristics of blueand-white porcelain decoration to landscape paintings, which not only expanded the application scope of image style transfer, but also produced a new visual experience, with a certain artistic appreciation and innovation.
Modern antiques and Internet + were the development trends of high-quality ceramics. It was of great significance to introduce the artistic style of ceramic decoration into contemporary products and realize the fusion of time and space and artistic re-creation. Taking blue-and-white porcelain as the research object, the near-modern landscape painting was used as the content to superimpose random Gaussian white noise to obtain the initial style transfer image. The pre-trained convolutional neural network was used to extract the content image and the content feature of the generated image, and the style image of the porcelain decoration and the style feature of the generated image were extracted. The content loss and style loss were calculated separately. By the calculation of the loss function and iterating to minimize it, a style transfer image with a strong blue-and-white porcelain flavor was finally generated. The experimental results showed that the deep learning method could realize the integration of blue-andwhite porcelain decoration and landscape paintings, and successfully transfer the learned characteristics of blueand-white porcelain decoration to landscape paintings, which not only expanded the application scope of image style transfer, but also produced a new visual experience, with a certain artistic appreciation and innovation.
2022, 37(5)
:120-126.
doi: 10.12187/2022.05.015
Abstract:
Taking the special-shaped surface of art ceramics as the research object, a 3D reconstruction scheme based on virtual reality technology was proposed. The camera was arranged based on stereo vision principle, and the images of special-shaped surface of art ceramics were collected by surface structured light projection technology. The mean filtering method was used to process the collected images, and the automatic segmentation network was set up based on the full convolutional network. 3D reconstruction algorithm based on virtual reality technology was developed and virtual 3D data field was designed; The 3D direct volume was fabricated in the data field, and the reconstruction result of the special-shaped surface was generated. The experimental results showed that compared with the traditional method, the surface reconstruction deviation of the proposed scheme could be significantly reduced, and the generated 3D model was complete and clear, which provided a solution for the redesign of artistic ceramics and promoted the intelligent design of products.
Taking the special-shaped surface of art ceramics as the research object, a 3D reconstruction scheme based on virtual reality technology was proposed. The camera was arranged based on stereo vision principle, and the images of special-shaped surface of art ceramics were collected by surface structured light projection technology. The mean filtering method was used to process the collected images, and the automatic segmentation network was set up based on the full convolutional network. 3D reconstruction algorithm based on virtual reality technology was developed and virtual 3D data field was designed; The 3D direct volume was fabricated in the data field, and the reconstruction result of the special-shaped surface was generated. The experimental results showed that compared with the traditional method, the surface reconstruction deviation of the proposed scheme could be significantly reduced, and the generated 3D model was complete and clear, which provided a solution for the redesign of artistic ceramics and promoted the intelligent design of products.
Journal Information
Founded in 1986， bimonthly
Administered by：The Education Department Henan Province
Sponsored by：Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
Editor-in-chief：Wei Shizhong
Executive Editor-in-Chief：Zou Lin
Subeditor：Qu Shuanghong
Edited & published by：Editorial Department of Journal of Light Industry
CN 41-1437/TS
ISSN 2096-1553
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